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A system for optically controlling neural circuits with very high spatial and temporal resolution

机译：一种光学控制神经回路的系统，具有很高的时空分辨率

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Optogenetics offers a powerful new approach for controlling neural circuits. It has a vast array of applications in both basic and clinical science. For basic science, it opens the door to unraveling circuit operations, since one can perturb specific circuit components with high spatial (single cell) and high temporal (millisecond) resolution. For clinical applications, it allows new kinds of selective treatments, because it provides a method to inactivate or activate specific components in a malfunctioning circuit and bring it back into a normal operating range [1–3]. To harness the power of optogenetics, though, one needs stimulating tools that work with the same high spatial and temporal resolution as the molecules themselves, the channelrhodopsins. To date, most stimulating tools require a tradeoff between spatial and temporal precision and are prohibitively expensive to integrate into a stimulating/recording setup in a laboratory or a device in a clinical setting [4, 5]. Here we describe a Digital Light Processing (DLP)-based system capable of extremely high temporal resolution (sub-millisecond), without sacrificing spatial resolution. Furthermore, it is constructed using off-the-shelf components, making it feasible for a broad range of biology and bioengineering labs. Using transgenic mice that express channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), we demonstrate the system's capability for stimulating channelrhodopsin-expressing neurons in tissue with single cell and sub-millisecond precision.
机译：光遗传学为控制神经回路提供了一种强大的新方法。它在基础科学和临床科学中都有广泛的应用。对于基础科学而言，它为解开电路操作打开了大门，因为人们可以以高空间（单个单元）和高时间（毫秒）分辨率干扰特定的电路组件。对于临床应用，它提供了新的选择性治疗方法，因为它提供了一种使失灵电路中的特定组件失活或激活并将其恢复到正常工作范围的方法[1-3]。但是，为了利用光遗传学的力量，需要一种刺激工具，该工具应具有与分子本身即通道视紫红质相同的高时空分辨率。迄今为止，大多数刺激工具都需要在空间和时间精度之间进行权衡，并且集成到实验室或临床环境中的设备的刺激/记录装置中的成本非常高昂[4，5]。在这里，我们描述了一种基于数字光处理（DLP）的系统，该系统能够在不牺牲空间分辨率的情况下实现极高的时间分辨率（亚毫秒）。此外，它是使用现成的组件构建的，从而使其可用于广泛的生物学和生物工程实验室。使用表达channelrhodopsin-2（ChR2）的转基因小鼠，我们证明了该系统具有刺激单细胞和亚毫秒级精度的组织中表达channelrhodopsin的神经元的能力。

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