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Globalization and ICTs: Potentials and Challenges for the Public Health Sector of Developing Countries

机译：全球化与信息通信技术：发展中国家公共卫生部门的潜力和挑战

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There has been much discussion of the role that recent advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) could play in improving health systems in developing countries. There is no doubt that the advancement of ICTs has brought both brought opportunities and challenges to developing countries in their efforts to ensure socio-economic development and improve public governance. In the wake of globalization, developing countries have no choice but to take advantage of the opportunities and face the challenges. Despite the fact that many developing countries are taking actions to strengthen their ICT capabilities in both private and public sector organizations, the process has been limited mostly to national and provincial capitals leaving behind majority of the communities and institutions operating in remote areas. This paper took a case study of implementing computerized Health Information Systems (HIS) in the context of the Ethiopian public health care system and investigated the potentials of the new ICT based system and the challenges encountered at provincial and district levels. The findings also revealed that even those with access to modern ICT infrastructure do not get maximum benefit from ICT advancements due to inadequacies in data quality and lack of knowledge in data management and use for decision making and action. To this end, there is an urgent need for governments of most developing countries in general and for sub-Saharan African countries in particular to double their efforts to address constraints threatening to increase technology gap between urban minority and marginalized rural majority by setting up favorable policies and appropriate strategies. For example, the empirical analysis of this study revealed that in order to make IT-based systems work in the Ethiopian public health seating, there is an urgent need to develop proper strategies that took into account the local context.
机译：关于信息和通信技术（ICT）的最新进展在改善发展中国家卫生系统中的作用已经进行了很多讨论。毫无疑问，信息通信技术的发展给发展中国家在确保社会经济发展和改善公共治理方面的努力既带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。在全球化之后，发展中国家别无选择，只能抓住机遇，面对挑战。尽管许多发展中国家都在采取行动加强私营和公共部门组织的信通技术能力，但这一进程主要限于国家和省会城市，而在偏远地区开展活动的社区和机构却不多。本文以在埃塞俄比亚的公共卫生保健系统的背景下实施计算机化的健康信息系统（HIS）为例进行了案例研究，并研究了基于ICT的新系统的潜力以及在省级和地区级所遇到的挑战。调查结果还表明，由于数据质量不足以及缺乏数据管理知识以及用于决策和行动的知识，即使是拥有现代信息通信技术基础设施的人也无法从信息通信技术的进步中获得最大的收益。为此，大多数发展中国家的政府，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲国家，迫切需要通过制定有利的政策，加倍努力以解决可能加剧城市少数群体和边缘化农村多数群体之间的技术鸿沟的制约因素和适当的策略。例如，对这项研究的实证分析表明，为了使基于IT的系统在埃塞俄比亚的公共卫生机构中发挥作用，迫切需要制定考虑当地情况的适当策略。

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