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COF: Exploiting Concurrency for Low Power Opportunistic Forwarding

机译：COF：利用低功耗机会转发的并发性

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Due to the constraint of energy resource, the radio of sensor nodes usually works in a duty-cycled mode. Since the sleep schedules of nodes are unsynchronized, a sender has to send preambles to coordinate with its receiver(s). In such contexts, opportunistic forwarding, which takes the earliest forwarding opportunity instead of a deterministic forwarder, shows great advantage in utilizing channel resource. The multiple forwarding choices with temporal and spatial diversity increase the chance of collision tolerance in concurrent transmissions, potentially enhancing end-to-end network performance. However, the current channel contention mechanism based on collision avoidance is too conservative to exploit concurrency. To address this problem, we propose COF, a practical protocol to exploit the potential Concurrency for low power Opportunistic Forwarding. COF determines whether a node should concurrently transmit or not, by incorporating: (1) a distributed and light-weight link quality measurement scheme for concurrent transmission and (2) a synthetic method to estimate the benefit of potential concurrency opportunity. COF can be easily integrated into the conventional unsynchronized sender-initiated protocols. We evaluate COF on a 40-node testbed. The results show that COF can reduce the end-to-end delay by up to 41% and energy consumption by 18.9%, compared with the state-of-the-art opportunistic forwarding protocol.
机译：由于能量资源的约束，传感器节点的无线电通常以占空移模式工作。由于节点的睡眠时间表未同步，因此发件人必须发送前导码来与其接收器协调。在这种情况下，机会转发，它采取了最早的转发机会而不是确定性转发器，在利用频道资源方面表现出很大的优势。具有时间和空间分集的多个转发选择增加了同时传输中的碰撞公差的可能性，可能提高端到端网络性能。然而，基于碰撞避免的当前信道争用机制过于保守，以利用并发性。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种实用的协议，利用低功率机会转发的潜在并发的实用协议。 COF通过合并：（1）用于并发传输的分布式和轻量级链路质量测量方案来确定节点是否应同时传输和不发送（2）估计潜在并发机会的益处的合成方法。 COF可以很容易地集成到传统的未同步发送者启动的协议中。我们评估40节点测试平台的COF。结果表明，与最先进的机会转发协议相比，COF可以将端到端的延迟减少到41％，能耗降低了18.9％。

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