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SPACE DEVELOPMENT: BENCHMARKING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL SPACE PROGRAMS TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE

机译：空间与发展：将国家空间计划落实到国家发展目标中

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An increasing number of development countries and multinational organizations such as APSCO and APRSAF- are implementing space programs. These entities recognize the potential value of space within their economies and national infrastructure and seek to maximize the use of space technology for infrastructure and applications development in support of national societal and economic development objectives. In order to effectively implement space programs policymakers require appropriate policy, regulatory and organizational frameworks for developing space capabilities as well as appropriate metrics to assess and benchmark the effectiveness of the implementation of those space applications. Drawing upon experience in international space-program benchmarking and in supporting space-related trade and development programs in Southeast Asia, this paper outlines the need to benchmark nascent space programs in emerging countries to specific national development objectives. After establishing the need for benchmarking this paper presents the outline of a basic methodology through which specific considerations relative to national socioeconomic development challenges are addressed- by suggesting the space applications most relevant to addressing those challenges and the appropriate benchmark metrics that can be used to track implementation and use of those applications. Such benchmarking allows policymakers to track implementation, and take appropriate programmatic adjustment to support successful and sustained space development. Governments and countries-regardless of development or economic stature-generally are motivated to invest in space capabilities by a common set of elements: to enhance national science and technology capacity; to improve national security; to advance economic growth and open markets; to gain pride and prestige in the international community; and to provide tangible benefits to society and citizens. As implementation practices for one area of activity become established, government and industry will learn lessons that can be applied to other new forms of space activity. This will enable growth to continue in a measured and responsible manner. It is this feedback loop that makes benchmarking a critical tool in the implementation of a space program. Effectively investing in and utilizing space assets, capabilities and products is pivotal to meeting strategic and tactical national development objectives.
机译：越来越多的发展中国家和跨国公司（如APSCO和APRSAF-）正在实施空间方案。这些实体认识到空间在其经济体和国家基础设施中的潜在价值，并寻求最大程度地利用空间技术进行基础设施和应用开发，以支持国家社会和经济发展目标。为了有效地执行空间方案，决策者需要适当的政策，监管和组织框架来发展空间能力，并需要适当的指标来评估和基准化实施这些空间应用的有效性。借鉴国际空间计划基准测试和支持东南亚与空间相关的贸易和发展计划的经验，本文概述了有必要对新兴国家的新生空间计划进行基准测试以达到特定的国家发展目标。确定基准的需求后，本文提出了一种基本方法的概述，通过该方法解决了与国家社会经济发展挑战相关的具体考虑因素，方法是建议与应对这些挑战最相关的空间应用以及可用于跟踪的适当基准指标这些应用程序的实现和使用。这种基准可以使决策者跟踪执行情况，并进行适当的方案调整，以支持成功和持续的空间发展。不论发展水平或经济地位如何，政府和国家通常都受到以下共同因素的激励：对空间能力进行投资：增强国家科学和技术能力;改善国家安全;促进经济增长和开放市场;在国际社会中赢得自豪和声望;并为社会和公民提供切实的利益。随着针对某一活动领域的实施惯例的建立，政府和工业界将学习可以应用于其他新形式的太空活动的课程。这将使增长能够以可衡量和负责任的方式继续进行。正是这种反馈回路使基准测试成为实施太空计划的关键工具。有效投资和利用太空资产，能力和产品对于实现战略和战术国家发展目标至关重要。

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