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首页> 外文会议>Transportation Research Board Annual meeting >Vouchers, magnets, charters, and options: analyzing the effects of school and housing choices on the mode choice to school
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Vouchers, magnets, charters, and options: analyzing the effects of school and housing choices on the mode choice to school

机译：代金券，磁铁，包机和选择：分析学校和住房选择对上学方式的影响

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Safe routes to school has been a research topic since the 1970s, and a goal of government programssince 1997. Despite improvements from these efforts, the share of students walking and bikingcontinues to decline. Several barriers have been identified, including parents' concerns about safety, theenvironment, and time, and external factors such as traffic, weather, and distance. This researchsuggests two important factors influencing distance have been overlooked by planners: educationmovements since the 1950s for greater school choice, and affordable housing policies. Beyonddesegregation, the creation of magnets, vouchers, academies, charters, and other school options haveresulted in growing shares of urban students traveling long distances to school. In Oakland, CA, only 49%of students attend their neighborhood school, and another 10,228 attend 34 charters with countywideenrollment. Simultaneously, US housing policies have also changed. Construction of public housing hasceased, save for replacement units. Housing voucher programs are oversubscribed and those withvouchers often change neighborhoods or cities to find a unit. Foreclosures, home prices, and rentshortages in cities also have limited housing choices. Combined, school and housing policies haveeroded the theorized economic location choice in which families balance housing and transportationcosts to be near good schools. The study employs surveys, time-use diaries, and interviews with 70Oakland parents or caregivers. Results identify the complex housing, school and transportation choicesthat ultimately affect school travel, and offers potential ways for transport, land use, and educationplanners to coordinate on active travel to school.
机译：自1970年代以来，安全的上学途径一直是研究主题，也是政府计划的目标 自1997年以来。尽管这些努力有所改善，但步行和骑自行车的学生所占比例 继续下降。已经确定了一些障碍，包括父母对安全， 环境和时间，以及外部因素（例如路况，天气和距离）。这项研究 表明计划者已经忽略了影响距离的两个重要因素：教育 自1950年代以来的运动，为更多的学校选择和负担得起的住房政策。超过 取消种族隔离，创建磁铁，代金券，学院，宪章和其他学校选择 导致长途跋涉上学的城市学生比例增加。在加利福尼亚州奥克兰，只有49％ 的学生就读附近的学校，另有10,228名学生参加了全县范围的34项宪章 注册。同时，美国的住房政策也发生了变化。公建房屋有 停止使用，除非要更换单位。住房券计划被超额认购，而那些 代金券通常会更改社区或城市来寻找单位。止赎，房屋价格和租金 城市的短缺也限制了房屋的选择。结合学校和住房政策， 侵蚀了理论上的经济区位选择，在这些选择中，家庭平衡了住房和交通 费用接近好学校。该研究采用了调查，时间使用日记和对70篇访谈 奥克兰的父母或照顾者。结果确定了复杂的住房，学校和交通选择 最终影响到学校旅行，并为运输，土地使用和教育提供了潜在的方式 规划人员协调主动上学旅行。

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