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首页> 外文会议>Annual conference of the International Society of Exposure Science >Utilization of the Food Quality Protection Act's Infant and Children Safety Factor and Implications for Dietary Pesticide Exposure in Children
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Utilization of the Food Quality Protection Act's Infant and Children Safety Factor and Implications for Dietary Pesticide Exposure in Children

机译：《食品质量保护法》的婴幼儿安全因素的利用及其对儿童饮食中农药暴露的影响

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Children are more vulnerable to the adverse health effects of pesticides because of their developing organ systems, immature metabolic functioning, less varied diet, and higher consumption of food per unit body weight than adults. In 1996, the US Congress enacted the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) to address children's unique vulnerabilities to pesticides. A major component of FQPA requires the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to consider an additional 10-fold safety factor to protect infants and children when assessing the health risk of pesticides. To evaluate FQPA's success in protecting children from potential pesticide exposure, we first identified relevant pesticides based on their predicted exposure profile in children. Pesticides with both high residue levels and frequent overlapping use on produce that are consumed at proportionally higher rates by children than adults were selected, using data from EPA's 2011 Exposure Factors Handbook and the US's Pesticide Data Program. Results indicate that children (0-5 years) consume on average greater than seven times more apples, peaches, and pears by body weight than adults. Six pesticides used on these fruits were identified from the selection process, including the organophosphates phosmet and azinphos-methyl. Finally, we analyzed the evolution of EPA risk assessments for the identified pesticides, from those conducted prior to FQPA implementation to current assessments. Safety factor selection and its impact on allowed pesticide residues on apples, peaches, and pears were analyzed to assess the role of FQPA's 10x safety factor in protecting children against potential dietary exposure. Data gaps and uncertainties of studies cited in the risk assessments were considered to evaluate the context and validity of safety factor decisions. There is evidence that safety factor application has changed over time, potentially affecting FQPA's ability to address children's vulnerabilities to pesticide exposure.
机译：儿童更容易受到农药的不良健康影响，因为它们的开发器官系统，不成熟的代谢功能，饮食不那么多种，以及每单位体重的食物的耗材更高。 1996年，美国国会颁布了食品质量保护法（FQPA），以解决儿童对杀虫剂的独特脆弱性。 FQPA的主要组成部分要求美国环境保护局（EPA）在评估农药的健康风险时，请考虑额外的10倍的安全系数来保护婴儿和儿童。为了评估FQPA在保护儿童免受潜在的农药暴露中的成功，我们首先根据儿童预测的暴露概况鉴定了相关的杀虫剂。使用来自EPA 2011年暴露因子手册和美国农药数据计划的数据，选择了高残留水平的高残留水平和频繁的重叠使用的杀虫剂的杀虫剂对儿童的比例较高的生产。结果表明，儿童（0-5岁）平均消耗超过七倍的苹果，桃子和梨的体重而不是成人。从选择过程中鉴定出这些果实上使用的六种农药，包括有机磷酸磷酸盐和氮苯酚 - 甲基。最后，我们分析了EPA风险评估对已识别的杀虫剂的进化，从FQPA实施前对当前的评估进行的那些。分析了安全系数选择及其对苹果，桃子和梨允许的农药残留物的影响，评估了FQPA的10X安全系数保护儿童免受潜在膳食暴露的作用。在风险评估中引用的数据差距和研究的不确定性被认为是评估安全因素决策的背景和有效性。有证据表明，安全因子申请随着时间的推移而变化，可能影响FQPA解决儿童脆弱性对农药暴露的脆弱性的能力。

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