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Conceptual Drivers for an Exploration Medical System

机译：探索医学系统的概念驱动力

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Interplanetary spaceflight, such as NASA's proposed three-year mission to Mars, provides unique and novel challenges when compared with human spaceflight to date. Extended distance and multi-year missions introduce new elements of operational complexity and additional risk. These elements include: inability to resupply medications and consumables, inability to evacuate injured or ill crew, uncharted psychosocial conditions, and communication delays that create a requirement for some level of autonomous medical capability. Because of these unique challenges, the approaches used in prior programs have limited application to a Mars mission. On a Mars mission, resource limitations will significantly constrain available medical capabilities, and require a paradigm shift in the approach to medical system design and risk mitigation for crew health. To respond to this need for a new paradigm, the Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element is assessing each Mars mission phase—transit, surface stay, rendezvous, extravehicular activity, and return—to identify and prioritize medical needs for the journey beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). ExMC is addressing both planned medical operations, and unplanned contingency medical operations that meld clinical needs and research needs into a single system. This assessment is being used to derive a gap analysis and studies to support meaningful medical capabilities trades. These trades, in turn, allow the exploration medical system design to proceed from both a mission centric and ethics-based approach, and to manage the risks associated with the medical limitations inherent in an exploration class mission. This paper outlines the conceptual drivers used to derive medical system and vehicle needs from an integrated vision of how medical care will be provided within this paradigm.
机译：与迄今为止的人类太空飞行相比，诸如美国宇航局提议的三年火星飞行任务之类的行星际太空飞行提出了独特而新颖的挑战。延长距离和多年任务带来了操作复杂性和额外风险的新元素。这些因素包括：无法重新补充药物和消耗品，无法疏散受伤或生病的工作人员，未知的社会心理状况以及沟通延迟，这对某种程度的自主医疗能力提出了要求。由于这些独特的挑战，先前程序中使用的方法在火星任务中的应用受到限制。在执行火星任务时，资源限制将极大地限制可用的医疗能力，并要求对医疗系统设计和减轻机组人员健康风险的方法进行重大转变。为了满足对新范式的需求，探索医疗能力（ExMC）元素正在评估火星的每个任务阶段-过境，水面停留，会合，舱外活动和返回-以确定并优先考虑低地球以外旅程的医疗需求轨道（LEO）。 ExMC正在处理计划内的医疗操作和计划外的意外医疗操作，这些操作将临床需求和研究需求融合到一个系统中。该评估被用于进行差距分析和研究，以支持有意义的医疗能力交易。这些交易又使勘探医学系统的设计可以从以任务为中心和基于道德的方法出发，并管理与勘探级任务固有的医学局限性相关的风险。本文概述了在这种范例中如何提供医疗服务的综合视野中，用于得出医疗系统和车辆需求的概念驱动因素。

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