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首页> 外文会议>International astronautical congress >ASTRORAD: PERSONAL RADIATION PROTECTION UTILIZING SELECTIVE SHIELDING FOR DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION
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ASTRORAD: PERSONAL RADIATION PROTECTION UTILIZING SELECTIVE SHIELDING FOR DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

机译：ASTRORAD：利用选择性屏蔽进行深空探测的个人辐射防护

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Natural space radiation exposure consists of prolonged exposure to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and periodic solar particle events (SPE) which potentially lead to detrimental health effects. SPE are of concern due to their short warning times and high intensities. In 1972, between the Apollo 16 and 17 missions, an SPE capable of delivering high doses occurred. For future manned missions beyond Low Earth Orbit, the necessity for radiation protection increases along with mission duration as both the cumulative doses will increase with time as well as the probability of encountering a significant SPE. In spaceflight, efficient use of mass is crucial, and the development of a radiation shielding strategy which offers a ratio of protection to mass is required. Prior work by StemRad Ltd. has shown the effectiveness of selectively shielding the BFO of first responders to radiological scenarios using the 360 Gamma personal shield. The AstroRad personal shield utilizes a similar strategy which is based on innovative passive shielding worn by astronauts to maximize the solid angle of coverage while selectively protecting those tissues which are most radiosensitive. Some tissues disproportionately influence the effective dose through their high tissue weighting factors, such as BFO, stomach, lungs, glandular breast tissue, colon and gonads. Furthermore, focusing protection on tissue resident stem cells within these organs provides even greater benefit as they give rise to a disproportionately large number of daughter cells, so a stem cell with a radiation-induced mutation gives rise to thousands of mutated daughter cells, increasing the likelihood of cancer within that organ exponentially. Simultaneously, stem cells possess a high capacity for tissue regeneration post-exposure which is especially applicable to acute exposures. Selective protection of these tissues was accomplished by designing the shielding thickness to be inversely related to the thickness and radiodensity of the underlying tissue at each point and point surrounding the targets for protection. Low-Z materials, especially materials with high hydrogen content, exhibit the largest mass stopping power and present low cross-section for generation of secondary radiation including neutrons. Therefore, low-Z materials can then be used in a vest-like design in order to provide a high ratio of reduction in effective dose to shielding mass. Novel nanomaterials are being investigated for inclusion in the AstroRad, and the design team has developed innovative ergonomic concepts which ensure user comfort and flexibility. CAD models have been designed and HZETRN simulations show promising results for SPE mitigation.
机译：暴露于自然空间的辐射包括长时间暴露于银河宇宙射线（GCR）和周期性的太阳粒子事件（SPE），这有可能导致有害的健康影响。 SPE的警告时间短且强度高，因此值得关注。 1972年，在阿波罗16号和17号任务之间，出现了能够输送高剂量的SPE。对于近地轨道以外的未来载人飞行任务，辐射防护的必要性会随着任务持续时间的增加而增加，因为累积剂量会随着时间的增加以及遇到重大SPE的可能性而增加。在太空飞行中，有效利用质量至关重要，因此需要开发一种辐射屏蔽策略，以提供对质量的保护。 StemRad Ltd.的先前工作已显示出使用360 Gamma个人防护罩选择性地屏蔽急救人员针对放射线情景的BFO的有效性。 AstroRad个人防护罩采用了类似的策略，该策略基于宇航员佩戴的创新型被动防护罩，以最大化覆盖立体角，同时选择性地保护那些对放射线最敏感的组织。一些组织通过它们的高组织权重因素不成比例地影响有效剂量，例如BFO，胃，肺，腺乳腺组织，结肠和性腺。此外，将重点放在这些器官内的组织驻留干细胞上会提供更大的好处，因为它们会产生大量不成比例的子细胞，因此具有辐射诱导突变的干细胞会产生成千上万个突变子细胞，从而增加了子代细胞的数量。该器官内发生癌症的可能性呈指数增长。同时，干细胞在暴露后具有较高的组织再生能力，尤其适用于急性暴露。这些组织的选择性保护是通过将屏蔽厚度设计为与保护对象周围的每个点和点处的下层组织的厚度和射线密度成反比来实现的。低Z材料，特别是氢含量高的材料，表现出最大的质量阻止能力，并且横截面低，可用于产生包括中子在内的二次辐射。因此，低Z材料可以用于背心式设计中，以提供有效剂量与屏蔽质量的较大降低比率。正在研究将新型纳米材料包含在AstroRad中，设计团队已开发出创新的人体工程学概念，以确保用户舒适和灵活。已经设计了CAD模型，并且HZETRN仿真显示了缓解SPE的有希望的结果。

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