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Hibernation as a Tool for Radiation Protection in Space Exploration

机译：休眠作为太空勘探中辐射保护的工具

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摘要

With new and advanced technology, human exploration has reached outside of the Earth’s boundaries. There are plans for reaching Mars and the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, and even to build a permanent base on the Moon. However, human beings have evolved on Earth with levels of gravity and radiation that are very different from those that we have to face in space. These issues seem to pose a significant limitation on exploration. Although there are plausible solutions for problems related to the lack of gravity, it is still unclear how to address the radiation problem. Several solutions have been proposed, such as passive or active shielding or the use of specific drugs that could reduce the effects of radiation. Recently, a method that reproduces a mechanism similar to hibernation or torpor, known as synthetic torpor, has started to become possible. Several studies show that hibernators are resistant to acute high-dose-rate radiation exposure. However, the underlying mechanism of how this occurs remains unclear, and further investigation is needed. Whether synthetic hibernation will also protect from the deleterious effects of chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure is currently unknown. Hibernators can modulate their neuronal firing, adjust their cardiovascular function, regulate their body temperature, preserve their muscles during prolonged inactivity, regulate their immune system, and most importantly, increase their radioresistance during the inactive period. According to recent studies, synthetic hibernation, just like natural hibernation, could mitigate radiation-induced toxicity. In this review, we see what artificial hibernation is and how it could help the next generation of astronauts in future interplanetary missions.
机译：通过新的和先进的技术，人类勘探已经达到了地球边界之外。有计划到达麻马星和木星和土星的卫星，甚至在月球上建立永久基地。然而，人类已经在地球上发展，重力和辐射水平与我们必须面对太空的辐射。这些问题似乎对勘探产生了重大限制。虽然有符合缺乏重力相关的问题的合理解决方案，但目前还不清楚如何解决辐射问题。已经提出了几种解决方案，例如被动或主动屏蔽或使用可以降低辐射效果的特定药物。最近，一种再现类似于休眠或托脉冲的机制的方法，称为合成托麦特，已经开始成为可能。几项研究表明，冬二嵌剂对急性高剂量速率辐射暴露有抵抗力。但是，如何发生这种情况的潜在机制仍然不清楚，需要进一步调查。是否合成冬眠也会保护慢性低剂量速率辐射暴露的有害影响目前未知。冬二嵌杆子可以调节它们的神经元烧制，调节其心血管功能，调节其体温，在长时间不活动期间保持肌肉，调节其免疫系统，最重要的是，在非活动期间增加他们的放射血频。根据最近的研究，合成冬眠，就像天然冬眠一样，可以减轻辐射诱导的毒性。在这篇综述中，我们看到了人造冬眠是什么以及如何在未来的班次任务中帮助下一代宇航员。

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