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TEMPERATURE RESTRICTIONS FOR MATERIALS USED IN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY FOR THE NEAR-SUN ORBITS

机译：航天工业用于近太阳轨道的材料的温度限制

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For near-Sun missions, the spacecraft approaches very close to the Sun and space environmental effects become relevant. Strong restrictions on how much close it can get derive from the maximum temperature that the used materials can stand, in order not to compromise the spacecraft's activity and functionalities. In other words, the minimum perihelion distance of a given mission can be determined based on the materials' temperature restrictions. The temperature of an object in space depends on its optical properties: reflectivity, absorptivity, transmissivity, and emissivity. Usually, it is considered as an approximation that the optical properties of materials are constant. However, emissivity depends on temperature. The consideration of the temperature dependence of emissivity and conductivity of materials used in the aerospace industry leads to the conclusion that the temperature dependence on the heliocentric distance is different from the case of constant optical properties [1]. Particularly, taking into account that emissivity is directly proportional to the temperature, the temperature of an object increases as r~(-2/5) when the heliocentric distance r decreases. This means that the same temperature will actually be reached at a different distance and, eventually, the spacecraft will be allowed to approach closer to the Sun without compromising its activities. We focused on metals used for aerospace structures (Al, Ti), however our analysis can be extended to all kinds of composite materials, once their optical properties - in particular emissivity - are defined.
机译：对于近太阳任务，航天器非常接近太阳，因此空间环境影响变得至关重要。为了不影响航天器的活动性和功能性，强烈限制了所用材料的承受温度，这取决于所用材料所能承受的最高温度。换句话说，可以根据材料的温度限制确定给定任务的最小近日点距离。空间中物体的温度取决于其光学特性：反射率，吸收率，透射率和发射率。通常，可以认为材料的光学特性是恒定的。但是，发射率取决于温度。考虑到航空航天业所用材料的发射率和电导率与温度的关系，得出这样的结论：温度对日心距的依赖与恒定光学特性的情况不同[1]。特别地，考虑到发射率与温度成正比，当日心距r减小时，物体的温度以r〜（-2/5）增加。这意味着实际上将在不同的距离处达到相同的温度，最终，将允许航天器靠近太阳而不会影响其活动。我们专注于用于航空航天结构的金属（Al，Ti），但是，一旦定义了它们的光学特性（尤其是发射率），我们的分析就可以扩展到所有类型的复合材料。

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