Redundant and Reliable Architecture Based on Open Source Tools for Light-Rail-Transit On-Board-Systems

机译：基于开源工具的轻便型车载系统的冗余可靠架构

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The LRT (Light Rail Transit) systems are a kind of urban transport that has aspects in common to both tramways and metros. This paper analyses the Thales LRT On-Board-Systems (OBS) architecture, which is designed to achieve a high level of availability. Such architecture is built on top of open source technologies and consolidated telecommunication standards. Architectural requirements axe met also thanks to the used Open-Source foundations. In particular the Qt framework, the OMQ and the ASN. 1 to C compiler have been used to develop a micro-service oriented fault resistant system. Redundant services are spawned on replicated identical hardware units, one of which is the master, and are seamlessly and automatically kept in sync by the algorithms described in this paper. In case of a service failure on one of the replicated hardware boxes, a choice is made between two alternatives: (1) a full mastership changeover is performed and another redundant box becomes the new master (2) a micro-service is migrated to another redundant box in order to take control of the same non-faulty device. The described architecture is being actively used in both LRT and metro solutions, thus this work will describe the benefits on the field and the effectiveness of the architecture in terms of code quality and maintainability. Since the development of the mentioned projects has been carried on inside an Agile team, some considerations will be made about benefits, constraints and pitfalls of such kind of methodologies, on strictly regulated and safety related projects.

机译：LRT（轻轨交通）系统是一种城市交通，具有与电车轨道和地铁相同的方面。本文分析了Thales LRT车载系统（OBS）架构，该架构旨在实现较高的可用性。这样的体系结构建立在开源技术和统一的电信标准之上。由于使用了开放源代码基础，因此也满足了架构要求。特别是Qt框架，OMQ和ASN。已经使用图1到C的编译器来开发面向微服务的抗故障系统。冗余服务在复制的相同硬件单元上生成，其中一个是主机，并且通过本文所述的算法无缝且自动地保持同步。如果其中一个复制的硬件盒上的服务出现故障，则可以在以下两种选择之间进行选择：（1）执行完全的主控权转换，另一个冗余盒成为新的主盒（2）将微服务迁移到另一个冗余盒，以便控制相同的非故障设备。所描述的体系结构正在LRT和Metro解决方案中积极使用，因此，这项工作将在代码质量和可维护性方面描述该领域的优势以及体系结构的有效性。由于上述项目的开发是在敏捷团队内部进行的，因此将对严格监管和与安全相关的项目的此类方法的收益，约束和陷阱进行一些考虑。

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《International conference on reliability, safety, and security of railway systems》|2017年|212-220|共9页
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Vincenzo Di Massa; Mirko Damiani; Maurizio Papini; Gianluca Mando;
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On board systems; Light rail transit; Open source; Software architecture; Redundant system; Micro service; Agile;

机译：机载系统;轻轨交通;开源;软件架构;冗余系统;微服务;敏捷;

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1. A three-tier redundant architecture for safe and reliable cloud-based CNC over public internet networks [J] . C.E. Okwudire, X. Lu, G. Kumaravelu, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing . 2020,第Apra期

机译：一种三层冗余架构，用于公开互联网网络的安全且可靠的云CNC
2. Highly Reliable Redundant TSV Architecture for Clustered Faults [J] . Lee Ingeol, Cheong Minho, Kang Sungho IEEE Transactions on Reliability . 2019,第1期

机译：针对群集故障的高度可靠的冗余TSV架构
3. The M5nr: a novel non-redundant database containing protein sequences and annotations from multiple sources and associated tools [J] . Andreas Wilke, Travis Harrison, Jared Wilkening, BMC Bioinformatics . 2012,第1期

机译：M5nr：一个新颖的非冗余数据库，包含来自多个来源和相关工具的蛋白质序列和注释
4. Redundant and Reliable Architecture Based on Open Source Tools for Light-Rail-Transit On-Board-Systems [C] . Vincenzo Di Massa, Mirko Damiani, Maurizio Papini, International Conference on Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems . 2017

机译：基于开源工具的冗余和可靠的架构，用于轻轨传输载机系统
5. RELAX: Cross-Layer Resource Management for Reliable NoC-Based 2D and 3D Manycore Architectures in The Dark Silicon Era [D] . Raparti, Venkata Yaswanth. 2019

机译：放松：在黑暗的硅时代，基于NOC的可靠性2D和3D多核体系结构的跨层资源管理
6. The M5nr: a novel non-redundant database containing protein sequences and annotations from multiple sources and associated tools [O] . Andreas Wilke, Travis Harrison, Jared Wilkening, 2012

机译：M5nr：一种新颖的非冗余数据库包含来自多个来源和相关工具的蛋白质序列和注释
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

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Redundant and Reliable Architecture Based on Open Source Tools for Light-Rail-Transit On-Board-Systems

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