Construction cost of urban rail transit (URT) is huge, but its environmental benefit (EB) is considerable. With the skeleton planning method, the EB of URT is evaluated through computing vehicle emission reduction and fuel consumption saving. The EB is calculated through the real travel behavior data and operation data of Beijing URT from 2007-2014. The results show that unit EB increases as the length of URT increases, from 2007 to 2014, HC total emission reduced 57891 ton, CO total emission reduced 126665 ton, NOx total emission reduced 75282 ton, which leads to total direct EB 38.831 billion Yuan (RMB). More specifically, the findings have insightful implications for planning, construction, operation of URT.
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