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Brain-Computer Interfaces: Agency and the Transition from Ethics to Politics

机译:脑机接口:代理与从伦理向政治的过渡

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Given the need of normatively assessing new technologies on the one hand, and problems with traditional approaches in ethical and legal scholarship on the other hand, a new approach is proposed. To accomplish this, the paper pursues two guiding questions: (1) how should we understand the ethical questions surrounding the development and use of BCIs in a way that is both technologically adequate and close to the phenomena?; and (2) what means are there to push technology development in the "right" direction, i.e. the direction that reasonable ethical reflection reveals as pressing? In what follows I will first introduce a distinction aimed at helping ethical evaluations of technology to get a grip on the phenomena they deal with (Sect. 2). The result is a better view on the phenomena at hand, enabling a more precise assessment based on a particular distinction between two forms of agency. I will briefly apply it to the ethics of BCIs. Second, I will broaden the perspective and ask how the ethical consideration can be applied in the real world (Sect. 3). The main emphasis will lie on outlining a philosophical move from ethics to politics. It is proposed that ethical questions are better solved by having the right political institutions, rather than having the right ethical point of view.
机译:鉴于一方面需要对新技术进行规范性评估,另一方面又需要对道德和法律学术领域的传统方法产生问题,因此提出了一种新方法。为实现这一目标,本文提出了两个指导性问题:(1)我们应如何以技术上适当且接近现象的方式理解围绕BCI的开发和使用的道德问题? (2)有什么手段可以推动技术发展向“正确的”方向发展,即合理的道德反思所揭示的紧迫方向?在下文中,我将首先介绍一个区别,该区别旨在帮助对技术进行道德评估,以掌握它们所处理的现象(第2节)。结果是可以更好地了解当前的现象,从而可以基于两种代理形式之间的特殊区别进行更精确的评估。我将简要地将其应用于BCI的道德规范。第二,我将拓宽视野,并询问如何在现实世界中应用道德考量(第3节)。主要重点将放在概述从伦理到政治的哲学转变。建议通过拥有正确的政治制度而不是拥有正确的伦理观点来更好地解决伦理问题。

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