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首页> 外文会议>International conference on nuclear engineering >COMPARISON OF ADVANCED MELTING PROCESS FOR HLW VITRIFICATION, JOULE-HEATED CERAMIC-LINED MELTER (JHCM) AND COLD-CRUSCIBLE INDUCTION MELTER (CCIM)
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COMPARISON OF ADVANCED MELTING PROCESS FOR HLW VITRIFICATION, JOULE-HEATED CERAMIC-LINED MELTER (JHCM) AND COLD-CRUSCIBLE INDUCTION MELTER (CCIM)

机译：HLW玻璃化，焦耳式高温陶瓷衬里熔炼机（JHCM）和冷裂纹感应熔炼机（CCIM）先进熔炼工艺的比较

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High level waste (HLW) originating from reprocessing of spent fuel commercial power reactors contains more than 40 different elements. Vitrification into borosilicate glass at 1100 ~ 1200°C is the process of choice. It is routinely used to immobilize the radioactive waste constituents in a chemically stable matrix for a final geological disposal. Melting process for commercial HLW glasses are variants of two basic designs. (1) The joule-heated ceramic-lined melter (JHCM) originally developed in the United States in 1973 and used in several nuclear sites in the world. (2) The hot-walled induction melter (HWIM), developed in France starting in 1962 and used in France and UK. These technologies, while effective, do pose limitations in waste form compositions and throughput rates. Particularly HLW originating from commercial spent fuel reprocessing usually contains noble metals elements such as ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), and palladium (Pd) which require special attention when this waste is vitrified. Recent advances to both of these baseline technologies are beginning to be used with large gains to ensure waste form flexibility, throughputs, and noble metals compatibility. The next generation JHCMs use a steeply sloped bottom and a subsidiary-heating bottom drain to allow these noble metals particles to be effectively flushed from the melter with higher waste loadings. Similar melters are being installed near Guangyuan/Sichuan province, China by German consortium team and being developed for the second K-Facility melter at Rokkasho by Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited (JNFL). As another example the advanced JHCMs will be installed in the Hanford WTP project having large glass pool surface area with rapid bubbling. Significant improvements on induction melters have also been implemented. AREVA recently installed a cold-crucible induction melter (CCIM) in combination with a rotary calciner at La Hague in France. This melter uses radio frequency induction to power the glass melt itself and water cooling of the outer surface maintains a frozen glass shell (skull) as the glass contact material. Because no permanent refractories or embedded electrodes are used, this design allows for high-temperature operation and can tolerate more corrosive melts, and uses a water-cooled, motor-driven mechanical stirrer to comply with noble metals behavior. This paper highlights some of these advances and suggests potential advantages and disadvantages of these next generation melter technologies comparing advanced JHCM with updated CCIM. In conclusion, these melters have made the technologies of choice for new HLW vitrification projects around the world.
机译：源自乏燃料商用动力反应堆后处理的高放废物（HLW）包含40多种不同的元素。选择过程是在1100〜1200°C的温度下玻璃化成硼硅酸盐玻璃。它通常用于将放射性废物成分固定在化学稳定的基质中，以进行最终的地质处置。商用HLW玻璃的熔化过程是两种基本设计的变体。 （1）焦耳加热的陶瓷衬里熔化器（JHCM）最初于1973年在美国开发，并在世界上的多个核电站中使用。 （2）热壁感应熔炉（HWIM），于1962年在法国开发，并在法国和英国使用。这些技术虽然有效，但确实对废物形式的组成和生产率产生了限制。特别是源自商业乏燃料后处理的高放废物通常含有贵金属元素，例如钌（Ru），铑（Rh）和钯（Pd），这些废物在玻璃化时需要特别注意。这两种基准技术的最新进展已开始大量使用，以确保废物形态的灵活性，产量和贵金属的兼容性。下一代JHCM使用陡峭的底部底部和辅助加热的底部排泄口，以使这些贵金属颗粒能够以更高的废物装载量有效地从熔炉中冲洗掉。德国财团在中国广元/四川省附近安装了类似的熔炉，日本核燃料有限公司（JNFL）正在六所村为第二座K型熔炉开发了类似的熔炉。另一个例子是，先进的JHCM将被安装在Hanford WTP项目中，该项目的玻璃池表面积大且起泡迅速。感应熔炉的重大改进也已实施。阿海珐集团最近在法国拉海牙安装了冷坩埚感应熔炉（CCIM）和旋转煅烧炉。该熔化器使用射频感应为玻璃熔体本身提供动力，外表面的水冷保持冷冻的玻璃壳（头骨）为玻璃接触材料。由于不使用永久性耐火材料或嵌入式电极，因此这种设计允许高温操作，并且可以承受更多的腐蚀性熔体，并使用水冷，电机驱动的机械搅拌器来满足贵金属的性能。本文重点介绍了其中的一些进步，并提出了将下一代JHCM与更新的CCIM进行比较的下一代熔炉技术的潜在优缺点。总而言之，这些熔化器已成为世界各地新的高放废物玻璃化项目的首选技术。

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