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Cyber safety and security for reduced crew operations (RCO)

机译：网络安全和保障，以减少机组人员的操作（RCO）

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The commercial aviation industry is looking into “reduced crew operations” (RCO) that would cut today's two-person flight crews down to a single pilot with support from ground-based crews. Shared responsibility across air and ground personnel will require highly reliable and secure data communication and supporting automation, which will be safety-critical for passenger and cargo aircraft. This paper looks at the different types and degrees of authority delegation given from the air to the ground and the ramifications of each, including the safety and security hazards introduced, the mitigation mechanisms for these hazards, and other demands on an RCO system architecture. Any added RCO system would be highly invasive into (almost) all safety-critical avionics. The adjacent fields of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and autonomous ground vehicles are investigated for problems similar to what RCO may face. Several past aviation accidents and incidents are described that are indicative of failure modes that could occur with respect to RCO. This paper explores possible data communication mechanisms to meet the stringent performance and information security (INFOSEC) requirements of RCO. Potential challenges for RCO data communication authentication, encryption and non-repudiation are identified. The approach includes a comprehensive safety-hazard analysis of the RCO system to determine top level INFOSEC requirements for RCO and proposes an option for effective RCO implementation. This paper concludes with questioning the economic viability of RCO in light of the expense of overcoming the operational safety and security hazards it would introduce.
机译：商业航空业正在研究“减少机组人员操作”（RCO），该方法将在地面人员的支持下将当今的两人飞行机组人员缩减为一名飞行员。空中和地面人员的共同责任将需要高度可靠，安全的数据通信和支持自动化，这对于客机和货运飞机而言至关重要。本文研究了从空中到地面的不同类型和程度的授权，以及每种授权的后果，包括引入的安全和安全隐患，缓解这些隐患的机制以及对RCO系统体系结构的其他要求。任何增加的RCO系统都将对（几乎）所有对安全至关重要的航空电子设备产生高度侵入性。对无人航空系统（UAS）和自动地面车辆的相邻领域进行了研究，以解决与RCO可能面临的问题类似的问题。描述了过去发生的几起航空事故和事故征候，这些事故和事故征候表明了可能发生的与RCO相关的故障模式。本文探讨了可能的数据通信机制，以满足RCO的严格性能和信息安全（INFOSEC）要求。确定了RCO数据通信身份验证，加密和不可否认性的潜在挑战。该方法包括对RCO系统的全面安全危害分析，以确定INFOSEC对RCO的最高要求，并提出有效实施RCO的选项。鉴于克服RCO所带来的操作安全隐患的代价，本文对RCO的经济可行性提出了质疑。

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