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Balancing Asymmetry in Max-sum Using Split Constraint Factor Graphs

机译:使用分裂约束因子图的最大和平衡不对称

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Max-sum is a version of Belief Propagation, used for solving DCOPs. On tree-structured problems, Max-sum converges to the optimal solution in linear time. When the constraint graph representing the problem includes multiple cycles, Max-sum might not converge and explore low quality solutions. Damping is a method that increases the chances that Max-sum will converge. Damped Max-sum (DMS) was recently found to produce high quality solutions for DCOP when combined with an anytime framework. We propose a novel method for adjusting the level of asymmetry in the factor graph, in order to achieve a balance between exploitation and exploration, when using Max-sum for solving DCOPs. By converting a standard factor graph to an equivalent split constraint factor graph (SCFG), in which each function-node is split to two function-nodes, we can control the level of asymmetry for each constraint. Our empirical results demonstrate that by applying DMS to SCFGs with a minor level of asymmetry we can find high quality solutions in a small number of iterations, even without using an anytime framework. As part of our investigation of this success, we prove that for a factor-graph with a single constraint, if this constraint is split symmetrically, Max-sum applied to the resulting cycle is guaranteed to converge to the optimal solution and demonstrate that for an asymmetric split, convergence is not guaranteed.
机译:Max-sum是“信念传播”的一个版本,用于解决DCOP。在树结构问题上,最大和在线性时间内收敛到最优解。当表示问题的约束图包括多个周期时,最大和可能不会收敛并探索低质量的解决方案。阻尼是增加最大和收敛的机会的一种方法。最近发现,与任何时间框架结合使用,阻尼最大和(DMS)可以为DCOP提供高质量的解决方案。我们提出了一种新的方法来调整因子图中的不对称程度,以便在使用Max-sum解决DCOP时实现开发与勘探之间的平衡。通过将标准因子图转换为等效拆分约束因子图(SCFG)(其中每个功能节点均被拆分为两个功能节点),我们可以控制每个约束的不对称程度。我们的经验结果表明,通过将DMS应用于不对称程度较小的SCFG,即使不使用任何时间框架,也可以通过少量迭代找到高质量的解决方案。作为对该成功研究的一部分,我们证明对于具有单个约束的因子图,如果对称地分解该约束,则可以保证应用于结果循环的Max-sum收敛到最优解,并证明不对称拆分,无法保证收敛。

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