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Designing for Fallible Humans

机译：为易犯错误的人设计

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摘要

Security and privacy solutions today are designed with an assumption of a rational user. System designers assume that the user is able to review all information shown to them, consider it along with other information they have, and user priorities, and make a conscious, rational decision in their best interest. We all know that these assumptions are wrong. Even worse, they are simply excuses for technology-centric, best-effort design. This paper argues for designing for fallible humans, taking into account human cognitive limitations, human bias and human preferences. Such design means anticipating human error and compensating for it with built-in safeguards, it means presenting information in a way palatable to humans, it means soliciting user input and working collaboratively with the user's cognitive biases and preferences. It means helping users weave security and privacy into their daily routine, and not view them as obstacles or overhead to other, more desirable tasks.
机译：当今的安全和隐私解决方案是在假设用户合理的前提下设计的。系统设计人员假设用户能够查看显示给他们的所有信息，将其与他们拥有的其他信息以及用户优先级一起考虑，并根据自己的最大利益做出有意识的理性决策。我们都知道这些假设是错误的。更糟糕的是，它们只是以技术为中心，尽力而为设计的借口。本文认为要针对易犯错误的人进行设计，同时要考虑到人的认知局限性，人的偏见和人的偏好。这样的设计意味着预见到人为错误并通过内置的安全措施对其进行补偿，这意味着以对人类而言可口的方式呈现信息，这意味着征求用户输入并与用户的认知偏见和偏好进行协作。这意味着帮助用户将安全性和隐私性纳入他们的日常工作中，而不是将它们视为其他更期望的任务的障碍或开销。

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