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Emerging Technologies: Biosecurity and Consequence Management Implications Biosecurity and Consequence Management

机译：新兴技术：生物安全和后果管理的涵义生物安全和后果管理

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摘要

The natural outbreaks of disease and pandemics are transnational threats that create international challenges when detection and containment are not timely due to scarce human and material resources. Whether the cause of those outbreaks is natural or intentional in origin, the main goal of consequence management operations is to save lives. The consequence management process is a continuum of inter-connected phases such as planning, preparation, response, and recovery. The rapid advances of life sciences and the emergence of dual-use technologies such as synthetic biology and nanotechnology pose additional challenges in terms of planning for the unknown potential threats whether they may be synthetic microorganisms with unpredictable dissemination patterns or nanoscale-manipulated biological agents evading current detection capabilities. The US National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats is emphasizing prevention while continuing to support the national preparedness goals and response/recovery capabilities. The recent policies, guidelines, and recommendations on overhauling the biological risk management in the United States are a proactive stance to a rapidly changing global environment. They include optimization of the current oversight frameworks and active engagement of the industry and academia in order to reduce the risk that individuals with ill intent may exploit the commercial application of nucleic acid synthesis technology to access genetic material derived from or by encoding Biological Select Agents or Toxins. We are also actively seeking to increase our knowledge of health effects of various types of nanomaterials, and how to assess, control, and prevent harmful exposure, taking into consideration the numerous gaps that currently exist with regard to the distinct behavior of nanoparticles compared to the same chemical or material at "macro-scale". Fundamentally, a biological incident, whether it is of natural, accidental, or deliberate origin, constitutes a public health problem and the United States is engaged with the international community to enhance our collective capability to address emerging health security threats.
机译：疾病和流行病的自然爆发是跨国威胁，当由于缺乏人力和物力而无法及时发现和遏制时，就构成了国际挑战。不管这些暴发的原因是自然的还是有意的，后果管理操作的主要目标是挽救生命。结果管理过程是相互联系的各个阶段的连续体，例如计划，准备，响应和恢复。生命科学的飞速发展以及合成生物学和纳米技术等双重用途技术的出现，在规划未知的潜在威胁方面，无论是可能是无法预测的传播模式的合成微生物还是正在逃避当前的纳米级生物制剂，都带来了额外的挑战。检测能力。美国《应对生物威胁的国家战略》在强调预防的同时继续支持国家的防备目标和应对/恢复能力。美国最近有关彻底改革生物风险管理的政策，指南和建议是对迅速变化的全球环境的积极态度。其中包括优化当前的监督框架，以及行业和学术界的积极参与，以减少风险不佳的人可能利用核酸合成技术的商业应用来获取源自或编码生物选择剂或毒素。我们还积极寻求增加我们对各种类型的纳米材料对健康的影响以及如何评估，控制和防止有害暴露的知识，同时考虑到与纳米颗粒相比，纳米颗粒的独特行为目前存在许多空白。相同的化学物质或材料处于“宏观”规模。从根本上说，无论是自然事件，偶然事件还是有意起源的生物事件都构成了公共卫生问题，美国与国际社会合作，以增强我们应对新出现的健康安全威胁的集体能力。

著录项

  • 来源
    《》|2010年|p.25-33|共9页
  • 会议地点 Chisinau(MD)
  • 作者

    Dana Perkins; Brian Nordmann;

  • 作者单位

    US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Washington, DC, USA;

    U.S. Department of State, 2201 C. St. NW, Washington, DC, USA;

  • 会议组织
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 特种结构材料;
  • 关键词

    synthetic biology; nanotechnology; biosecurity;

    机译：合成生物学;纳米技术生物安全;

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