Simulation-based design increasingly replaces traditional experience-based design. This article gives an overview of techniques used in advanced industry practice, illustrating approaches and state of the art with applications taken from recent experience of Germanischer Lloyd. The techniques include advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics for external flows: Inviscid panel methods are used for bulbous bow optimisation and in many seakeeping analyses. RANSE (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes Equation) solvers are applied to solve highly nonlinear global motions of ships, aerodynamic flows, cavitating flows, HVAC and smoke simulations, and adding combustion models also fire simulations. Finite element analyses may be applied for global and local static and vibration analyses. Noise simulations employ special techniques. Discrete event simulations for passenger evacuation may be coupled to seakeeping and fire simulations. The paper discusses the general trends and uses selected frontier applications to high-light the individual points with concrete examples.
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