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Helicopter-based wildfire monitoring system software architecture

机译：基于直升机的野火监控系统软件架构

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This work introduces a flexible and reusable architecture designed to facilitate the development of remote sensing applications. Based on it, we are developing a helicopter system, called Red-Eye, devoted to the detection, control and analysis of wild land forest fires in the Mediterranean area. The design of the proposed system is composed of five main components. Each component will work collaboratively to constitute a platform of high added value. The general architecture designed for wildfire monitoring is being tailored for two relevant objectives within the particular Mediterranean scenario: tactical dayight fire front evolution, and post-fire hot-spot detection. The generalized integration of monitoring vehicles with the operation of other aerial resources (attack helicopter and airplanes) is an unsolved problem, both technically and methodologically. However, the operation of a monitoring helicopter during certain very well identified phases of the extinction process in highly plausible. High-level strategic monitoring is possible because no-conflicts will appear due to different flight levels; however, low-level tactical monitoring is a source of potentially dangerous in-flight traffic conflicts. In addition to monitoring the fire front evolution, detection of remaining post-fire hot-spots located at the perimeter of fire is the main application that has been foreseen. Just after a fire front is contained or even during the days following the fire extinction, the monitoring tasks have to be maintained because of the danger of fire reactivation. The cost of monitoring with ground teams or aerial means it is very expensive and consumes resources needed in other fronts or possibly concurrent fires. However, a helicopter equipped with thermal cameras, can flight over the area and generate a map of hot spots with higher precision at a smaller cost. It is crucial in this application that the hot spots are reported immediately to avoid having ground brigades wai--ting for data for too long. Also, it is important to feedback the information in such a way it can be effectively consumed, not forcing ground brigades to walk around the forest without a clear operational scheme. Based on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) a heliborne hot-spot detection system is being developed. This paper describes the global architecture of the system, including the air segment, the ground control segment, and the interface with the squads operating on the fire area, etc. We also demonstrate how the available pre-defined modules in the SOA architecture have been reused to design this particular application, the additional subsystems required to implement specific hot-spot mission requirements, and the overall system / end-user interface.
机译：这项工作引入了一种灵活且可重用的体系结构，旨在促进遥感应用程序的开发。在此基础上，我们正在开发一种称为Red-Eye的直升机系统，该系统专门用于检测，控制和分析地中海地区的荒地森林火灾。拟议系统的设计由五个主要部分组成。每个组件将协同工作，以构成一个高附加值的平台。专为野火监视而设计的通用体系结构是针对特定地中海情景中的两个相关目标量身定制的：战术昼/夜火锋演变和火后热点检测。在技​​术和方法上，将监视车辆与其他空中资源（攻击直升机和飞机）的操作进行普遍集成是一个尚未解决的问题。但是，在非常明确的灭绝过程的某些阶段，监视直升机的运行是非常合理的。高层战略监视是可能的，因为不会因航班级别不同而出现冲突;但是，低级战术监视是潜在危险的空中交通冲突的根源。除了监视火锋演变之外，预见到主要的应用是探测位于火场周边的剩余火后热点。紧接在火势蔓延之后或什至在灭火后的几天内，由于重新着火的危险，必须维持监视任务。地面小组或空中监视的成本非常昂贵，并且会消耗其他战线或可能同时发生的火灾所需的资源。但是，配备有热像仪的直升飞机可以在该区域上空飞行，并以较低的成本生成更高精度的热点地图。在此应用中至关重要的是，必须立即报告热点，以避免地面旅被弃用。 -- 数据存储时间过长。同样，重要的是以一种可以被有效利用的方式来反馈信息，而不要在没有明确的操作方案的情况下迫使地面旅在森林中走来走去。基于面向服务的体系结构（SOA），正在开发直升机载热点检测系统。本文描述了系统的全局体系结构，包括空中部分，地面控制部分以及与在火区上运行的小队的接口等。我们还演示了如何在SOA体系结构中使用可用的预定义模块重用于设计此特定应用程序，实现特定热点任务要求所需的其他子系统以及整个系统/最终用户界面。

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