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Automated verification method for patient setup based on digitally reconstructed radiography and portal image for prostate cancer treatment

机译：基于数字重建的射线照相和前列腺癌的患者的自动验证方法

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Accurate patient setup is essential in high-precision radiotherapy because deviations in delivered beam geometry may result in decreasing tumor control and increasing complications of adjacent normal tissue. At a majority of clinical facilities, radiation oncologists verify the patient setup by visual comparison in spite of it lacks reproducibility and quantitativity during the radiation treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an automated method for verification of patient setup based on an edge-based template matching between the digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) and portal images for prostate cancer treatment. First, the actual center of the irradiation field in the portal image was estimated based on the template matching technique with the cross-correlation coefficient. Second, the measuring scales on the DRR and the portal image of an electronic portal imaging device were reduced, and edge portions in two images were enhanced by using a Sobel filter for an accurate template matching. Third, a pelvic template image of the DRR was produced after the registration between the DRR and portal image using an affine transform. Forth, the center of the planned irradiation field in the portal image was estimated based on the template matching technique with the cross-correlation coefficient. Finally, the patient setup error was calculated based on the displacement between the center of the actual irradiation field and planned irradiation field. We applied the proposed method to 14 cases with prostate cancer. The residual error between the patient setup errors obtained by our method and the oncologist was calculated for evaluation of the proposed method. The average residual error of the Euclidian distance was 3.15 mm. The results suggest that the proposed method may be useful for detection of the patient setup error using the DRR and portal image.
机译：精确的患者设置在高精度放射治疗中是必不可少的，因为在输送的光束几何形状中的偏差可能导致肿瘤控制和增加正常组织的并发症增加。在大多数临床设施中，辐射肿瘤学家通过视觉比较确认患者设置，尽管它缺乏在辐射处理过程中的可重复性和定量。因此，本研究的目的是开发一种基于基于边缘的模板匹配的用于验证患者设置的自动化方法，用于前列腺癌治疗的数字重建的射线照相（DRR）和门户图像之间的基于边缘的模板匹配。首先，基于具有互相关系数的模板匹配技术估计门户图像中的照射场的实际中心。其次，减少了DRR上的测量尺度和电子门户成像装置的门户图像，并且通过使用Sobel滤波器来提高两个图像中的边缘部分以进行准确的模板匹配。第三，使用仿射变换在DRR和门户图像之间的登记后产生DRR的盆腔模板图像。基于具有互相关系数的模板匹配技术估计了门户图像中的计划辐射场的中心。最后，基于实际照射场和计划照射场之间的位移来计算患者设置误差。我们将提出的方法应用于前列腺癌14例。计算通过我们的方法和肿瘤科医生获得的患者设置误差之间的残余误差进行评估。欧几里德距离的平均剩余误差为3.15毫米。结果表明，所提出的方法可以使用DRR和门户图像检测患者设置错误。

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