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Imperial Sugar Refinery Combustible Dust Explosion Investigation

机译：帝国制糖厂可燃性粉尘爆炸调查

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On February 7, 2008, at about 7:15 p.m., a series of sugar dust explosions at the Imperial Sugarmanufacturing facility in Port Wentworth, Georgia, resulted in 14 worker fatalities. Thirty sixworkers were treated for serious burns and injuries—some caused permanent, life alteringconditions. The explosions and subsequent fires destroyed the sugar packing buildings, palletizerroom, and silos, and severely damaged the bulk train car loading area and parts of the sugarrefining process areas.The Imperial Sugar manufacturing facility housed a refinery that converts raw cane sugar intogranulated sugar. A system of screw and belt conveyors, and bucket elevators transportedgranulated sugar from the refinery to three 105-foot tall sugar storage silos. Granulated sugarwas then transported through conveyors and bucket elevators to specialty sugar processing areasand granulated sugar packaging machines. Sugar products were packaged in a four-storybuilding surrounding the silos contained packaging machines for the sugar products. Granulatedsugar was also bulk shipped in railcars and tanker trucks in the bulk sugar loading area.The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) determined that the first dustexplosion initiated in the enclosed steel belt conveyor located below the sugar silos. Steel coverpanels installed on the belt conveyor less than a year before the explosion allowed explosiveconcentrations of sugar dust to accumulate inside the enclosure. An unknown source ignited thesugar dust, causing a violent explosion. The explosion lofted sugar dust that had accumulated onthe floors and elevated horizontal surfaces, propagating more dust explosions through thebuildings. Secondary dust explosions occurred throughout the packing buildings, parts of therefinery, and the bulk sugar loading buildings. The pressure waves from the explosions heavedthick concrete floors and collapsed brick walls, blocking stairwell and other exit routes. Theresulting fires destroyed the packing buildings, silos, palletizer building and heavily damagedparts of the refinery and bulk sugar loading area. The CSB investigation identified the following incident causes:1. Sugar and cornstarch conveying equipment was not designed or maintained to minimizethe release of sugar and sugar dust into the work area.2. Inadequate housekeeping practices resulted in significant accumulations of combustiblegranulated and powdered sugar and combustible sugar dust on the floors and elevatedsurfaces throughout the packing buildings.3. Airborne combustible sugar dust accumulated above the minimum explosibleconcentration inside the newly enclosed steel belt assembly under silos 1 and 2.4. An overheated bearing in the steel belt conveyor most likely ignited a primary dustexplosion.5. The primary dust explosion inside the enclosed steel conveyor belt under silos 1 and 2triggered massive secondary dust explosions and fires throughout the packing buildings.6. The 14 fatalities were most likely the result of the secondary explosions and fires.This paper presents the CSB investigation and discusses important management practices toprevent similar combustible dust explosions.
机译：2008年2月7日下午7点15分左右，帝国制糖厂发生了一系列糖尘爆炸 佐治亚州温特沃斯港的制造工厂造成14人死亡。三十六 工人遭受了严重的烧伤和伤害，有的被烧伤，甚至改变了生活 情况。爆炸和随后的大火摧毁了装糖厂，码垛机 室和筒仓，并严重损坏了火车的散装车装载区和部分糖份 精炼工艺领域。 帝国制糖厂设有精炼厂，将原蔗糖转化为糖 砂糖。螺旋带式输送机和斗式提升机的系统 从精炼厂到三个105英尺高的储糖仓中加入砂糖。砂糖 然后通过输送机和斗式提升机运输到特种糖加工区 和砂糖包装机。糖产品包装在四层楼中 筒仓周围的建筑物内装有糖产品包装机。颗粒状 糖还通过散装糖装载区的铁路车和油罐车散装运输。 美国化学安全与危害调查委员会（CSB）确定第一批粉尘 在糖仓下方的封闭钢带输送机中发生爆炸。钢盖 安装在皮带输送机上的面板在爆炸允许爆炸前不到一年 浓度的糖粉积聚在外壳内部。一个未知的消息点燃了 糖尘，引起剧烈爆炸。爆炸使堆积在上面的糖尘飞扬 地板和高架水平表面，使更多的粉尘爆炸通过 建筑物。在整个包装建筑，部分建筑中发生了二次粉尘爆炸。 炼油厂和散装糖的建筑物。爆炸产生的压力波 厚厚的水泥地板和坍塌的砖墙，堵塞了楼梯间和其他出口通道。这 造成的大火摧毁了包装建筑，筒仓，码垛机建筑，并造成了严重破坏 炼油厂和散装糖装载区的一部分。公务员事务局的调查确定了以下事故原因： 1.糖和玉米淀粉输送设备的设计或维护未尽量减少 将糖和糖粉释放到工作区中。 2.不适当的管家做法导致大量可燃物积累 糖粉和糖粉以及可燃糖粉在地板和高架地板上 整个包装建筑物的表面。 3.累积的空气传播的可燃糖尘超过最低爆炸危险 筒仓1和2下新封闭的钢带组件内部的气体浓度 4.钢带输送机中的轴承过热很可能点燃了一次灰尘 爆炸。 5.筒仓1和2下封闭的钢制传送带内的主要粉尘爆炸 在整个包装建筑内引发了大规模的二次粉尘爆炸和火灾。 6. 14人死亡很可能是二次爆炸和火灾的结果。 本文介绍了CSB的调查，并讨论了重要的管理实践，以 防止类似的可燃粉尘爆炸。

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