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首页> 外文会议>2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium : Conference Record >The micro-angiographic fluoroscope (MAF) in High Definition (HD) mode for improved contrast-to-noise ratio and resolution in fluoroscopy and roadmapping
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The micro-angiographic fluoroscope (MAF) in High Definition (HD) mode for improved contrast-to-noise ratio and resolution in fluoroscopy and roadmapping

机译：高清晰度（HD）模式下的微血管荧光透视（MAF）可以改善荧光镜和路线图的对比度和噪声比以及分辨率

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During image guided interventional procedures, superior resolution and image quality is critically important. Operating the MAF in the new High Definition (HD) fluoroscopy mode provides high resolution and increased contrast-to-noise ratio. The MAF has a CCD camera and a 300 micron cesium iodide x-ray convertor phosphor coupled to a light image intensifier (LII) through a fiber-optic taper. The MAF captures 1024 × 1024 pixels with an effective pixel size of 35 microns, and is capable of real-time imaging at 30 fps. The HD mode uses the advantages of higher exposure along with a small focal spot effectively improving the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the spatial resolution. The Control Acquisition Processing and Image Display System (CAPIDS) software for the MAF controls the LII gain. The interventionalist can select either fluoroscopic or angiographic modes using the two standard foot pedals. When improved image quality is needed and the angiography foot-pedal is used for HD mode, the x-ray machine will operate at a preset higher exposure rate using a small focal spot, while the CAPIDS will automatically adjust the LII gain to achieve proper image brightness. HD mode fluoroscopy and roadmapping are thus achieved conveniently during the interventional procedure. For CNR and resolution evaluation we used a bar phantom with images taken in HD mode with both the MAF and a Flat Panel Detector (FPD). It was seen that the FPD could not resolve more than 2.8 lp/mm whereas the MAF could resolve more than 5 lp/mm. The CNR of the MAF was better than that of the FPD by 60% at lower frequencies and by 600% at the Nyquist frequency of the FPD. The HD mode has become the preferred mode during animal model interventions because it enables detailed features of endovascular devices such as stent struts to be visualized clearly for the first time. Clinical testing of the MAF in HD mode is imminent.
机译：在图像引导的介入程序中，卓越的分辨率和图像质量至关重要。在新的高清（HD）荧光检查模式下操作MAF可提供高分辨率，并提高了对比度和噪声比。 MAF具有CCD相机和300微米的碘化铯X射线转换荧光粉，该荧光粉通过光纤锥度耦合到光图像增强器（LII）。 MAF捕获有效像素大小为35微米的1024×1024像素，并能够以30 fps进行实时成像。 HD模式具有较高曝光量和较小焦点的优点，可有效提高对比度和噪声比（CNR）和空间分辨率。 MAF的控制采集处理和图像显示系统（CAPIDS）软件控制LII增益。介入医师可以使用两个标准脚踏板选择透视或血管造影模式。当需要改善图像质量并且将血管造影脚踏板用于HD模式时，X射线机将使用较小的焦点以预设的较高曝光率运行，而CAPIDS将自动调整LII增益以获取合适的图像亮度。因此，在介入过程中可以方便地实现HD模式的透视检查和映射。对于CNR和分辨率评估，我们使用了带条状幻像的MAF和平板检测器（FPD）在高清模式下拍摄的图像。可以看出，FPD的分辨力不能超过2.8 lp / mm，而MAF的分辨力不能超过5 lp / mm。在较低频率下，MAF的CNR优于FPD的CNR，在FPD的奈奎斯特频率下的CNR优于FPD的CNR。 HD模式已成为动物模型干预期间的首选模式，因为它可以使血管内装置的详细特征（例如支架撑杆）首次清晰可见。 HD模式下的MAF即将进行临床测试。

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