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The Emergence of Immersive Low-Cost 3D Virtual Reality Environments for Interactive Learning in Materials Science and Engineering

机译：材料科学与工程学中用于交互式学习的沉浸式低成本3D虚拟现实环境的出现

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Materials science is an interdisciplinary field that examines the structure-property relationships in matter for its applications to many areas of science and engineering. Providing a means for intuitive development of understanding of these relationships by young learners and university undergraduates alike is critical. The effectiveness of an immersive low-cost 3D virtual reality (VR) environment was evaluated during a pilot study sponsored by the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS) program. The 3D VR environment involves the use of a specialized display, sensors, computers, and immersive visual technology equipment. In collaboration with Cognitive Science investigators, our research focused on understanding the impact of the 3D VR environment on the visual ability to perceive structures in three dimensions and on quantifying the learning of COINS participants. The premise was to measure the learning of undergraduate participants in activities designed to evaluate the quality of the learning environment. Our investigation consisted of three stages in which participants learned about carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via traditional methods, physical models and virtual models. Traditional methods (2D projection graphs) were not appealing to participants and did not facilitate depth perception. Physical (ball-and-stick) models motivated participants by allowing interactivity but bond distance/angle measurements were tedious. Virtual models (3D models) offered complete manipulation, real-time measurements and the capability of mimicking realistic atomic forces (attractive/repulsive), giving the user a better insight into the structure of CNTs compared to previous methods. While immersive environments offer virtual models with some of the same benefits of physical models, it is the extended features (e.g. accurate distance representation, computer simulations capability and analysis tools for further investigations) that suggest such environments as effective learning tools for materials science education. Preliminary data analysis suggests that highly accurate perception of a molecular structure is facilitated by the use of immersive environments in which the operator may manipulate and measure important intrinsic information about the structure. Moreover, computer simulations of materials are of great scientific interest for technological progress. We are presently working on the development of the immersive 3D VR environment to perform atomistic simulations to enable scientists to perform accelerated calculations to solve problems with performance enhancements over conventional methods. Another important value in the immersive 3D VR environment lies in its expanded use for multi-disciplinary research, influencing structure-dependent applications, science learning, and design of nanodevices in fields such as materials science, chemistry, engineering, cognitive science, nanotechnology, and computer science among others.
机译：材料科学是一个跨学科领域，研究物质中的结构-属性关系，并将其应用于科学和工程学的许多领域。至关重要的是，为年轻学习者和大学本科生提供一种直观发展理解这些关系的方法至关重要。在由集成纳米机械系统中心（COINS）计划赞助的一项试点研究中，评估了沉浸式低成本3D虚拟现实（VR）环境的有效性。 3D VR环境涉及使用专用显示器，传感器，计算机和沉浸式视觉技术设备。与认知科学研究人员合作，我们的研究重点是理解3D VR环境对视觉感知三维结构视觉能力的影响，以及量化COINS参与者的学习。前提是在旨在评估学习环境质量的活动中衡量大学生的学习情况。我们的研究包括三个阶段，其中参与者通过传统方法，物理模型和虚拟模型了解了碳纳米管（CNT）。传统方法（2D投影图）对参与者没有吸引力，也无法促进深度感知。物理（球棒）模型通过允许交互性来激励参与者，但是键距/角度的测量很繁琐。虚拟模型（3D模型）提供了完整的操纵，实时测量以及模仿真实原子力（吸引/排斥）的能力，与以前的方法相比，它使用户可以更好地了解CNT的结构。沉浸式环境为虚拟模型提供了与物理模型相同的好处，但扩展功能（例如精确的距离表示，计算机模拟功能和进一步研究的分析工具）为诸如材料科学教育的有效学习工具等环境提供了建议。初步数据分析表明，通过使用沉浸式环境，操作人员可以在其中操纵和测量有关该结构的重要内在信息，从而有助于对分子结构的高度准确的感知。此外，材料的计算机模拟对于技术进步具有重大的科学意义。我们目前正在着手开发沉浸式3D VR环境，以执行原子模拟，以使科学家能够执行加速计算，以解决与传统方法相比性能增强的问题。沉浸式3D VR环境的另一个重要价值在于其在多学科研究中的广泛使用，影响与结构相关的应用程序，科学学习以及材料，化学，工程，认知科学，纳米技术和电子学等领域的纳米设备设计。计算机科学等等。

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