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Sodium Purification Systems: requirements, tools and qualification strategies

机译：钠纯化系统：要求，工具和鉴定策略

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In order to operate a Sodium Fast Reactor in reliable and safe conditions, the quality of the coolant must be mastered. The chemical control of sodium is performed versus the different chemical compounds: oxygen (corrosion control), hydrogen (detection of the sodium-water reaction) and to a lesser degree, carbon (carburization, decarburization phenomena). Furthermore, other detrimental effects could be avoided: plugging of narrow sections, loss of heat transfer efficiency in heat exchangers, contamination and dosimetry,...Oxygen and moisture are introduced mainly during handling operations; hydrogen is due to aqueous corrosion of the Steam Generator Unit and thermal decomposition of hydrazine, used to control the oxygen content in the water. The purification of oxygen and hydrogen is adequately performed thanks to cold traps and mainly due to the fact that the solubilities are nearly nil for temperatures close to the fusion point, i.e. 97.8°C. This paper deals with the development of purification systems for the primary and intermediate circuits of an SFR. Based on previous studies related to the basic mechanisms of Na20 and NaH crystallization and on operational feedback from French Reactors, new concepts of cold traps were developed for Superphenix and EFR. In order to design new cold traps, a new computer tool has been developed, predicting the location and the amount of impurities deposited on cold walls for NaH and on wire mesh packing for NaH and Na2O. This model helps the engineer developing a pre-conceptual design and assists the operator in following the filling rate of the cold trap, thereby avoiding long experimental tests in sodium facilities and reducing the cost of cold trap qualification strategies.
机译：为了在可靠和安全的条件下运行钠快速反应堆，必须掌握冷却剂的质量。对钠的化学控制是针对不同的化学化合物进行的：氧气（腐蚀控制），氢（检测钠水反应）和较小程度的碳（碳化，脱碳现象）。此外，还可以避免其他不利影响：狭窄部分的堵塞，热交换器中传热效率的损失，污染和剂量学，...氧气和水分主要是在处理过程中引入的;氢是由于蒸汽发生器单元的水腐蚀和肼的热分解所致，肼用于控制水中的氧气含量。氧气和氢气的净化由于冷阱而得以充分进行，这主要是由于对于接近熔点（即97.8°C）的温度而言，溶解度几乎为零。本文涉及用于SFR的一次回路和中间回路的净化系统的开发。根据先前有关Na20和NaH结晶基本机理的研究以及法国反应堆的运行反馈，为Superphenix和EFR开发了新的冷阱概念。为了设计新的冷阱，已经开发了一种新的计算机工具，可以预测NaH在冷壁上以及NaH和Na2O在丝网填料上沉积的杂质的位置和数量。该模型可帮助工程师进行概念设计，并帮助操作员跟踪冷阱的填充率，从而避免了在钠设施中进行长时间的实验测试，并降低了冷阱鉴定策略的成本。

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