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Design History of the International Space Station Early Concepts, 1979-1983

机译:1979-1983年国际空间站早期概念的设计史

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Thirty years ago, President Ronald Reagan gave the go-ahead for a Space Station. One generation later, the International Space Station has become a firmly established, state-of-the-art research center in Earth orbit. The history of this ambitious and visionary project is a complex weave of several powerful threads - political, diplomatic, financial and technological among them - but none is more fascinating than that of the Station's design. It evolved through numerous incarnations during the 1980s and early 1990s - biased, faulty, grandiose, impractical and overpriced may be apt labels for some of them - until its international partners settled on a final workable solution in 1993 after President Clinton had invited Russia to join the Space Station team. This paper reviews the diversity of early Station ideas explored by NASA and its aerospace contractors against a backdrop of rising political and international interest. It ends with a review of three distinctive concepts - the extravagant Big-T and Delta and more modest Building Block - devised by Johnson Space Center shortly before President Reagan's 1984 go-ahead.
机译:30年前,罗纳德·里根(Ronald Reagan)总统批准了空间站的批准。一代人之后,国际空间站已成为牢固建立的,在地球轨道上最先进的研究中心。这个雄心勃勃且富有远见的项目的历史是由几条强大的线索(包括政治,外交,财务和技术)组成的复杂编织,但是没有一个比车站的设计更令人着迷了。它在1980年代和1990年代初经历了无数次化身演变-有偏见,有缺陷,宏伟,不切实际和价格过高可能是其中一些的恰当标签-直到克林顿总统邀请俄罗斯加入后,其国际伙伴在1993年达成最终可行的解决方案空间站团队。本文回顾了在日益增长的政治和国际关注的背景下,美国宇航局及其航空航天承包商探索的早期空间站构想的多样性。最后,回顾了约翰逊航天中心(Johnson Space Center)在里根总统(Reagan)于1984年提前通过之前提出的三个独特概念,即奢侈的Big-T和Delta以及更为适度的Building Block。

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