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Simulation of an electronically steerable horn antenna array with liquid crystal phase shifters

机译：具有液晶移相器的电子可控喇叭天线阵列的仿真

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This paper presents the simulation results for a phased antenna array with novel liquid crystal phase shifters (LCPSs). This work investigated the usability of this electronically steerable antenna technology in an inter-satellite link using a geostationary satellite. Due to the design of the LCPS and the aperture of the antenna, communication over the desired steering range of ¿¿11¿¿ can only be accomplished if the manipulated phase number of the radio wave changes during the steering process. This results in the need for ideally instantaneous phase changes of 360¿¿ (jump) of some of the LCPSs during beam steering. Tests on first prototypes of the LCPS reveal that the currently employed high frequency liquid crystals (LC) require 44 s to 150 s to complete such a 360¿¿ phase jump, resulting in a severe drop in antenna gain during a portion of the time of these phase jumps. This study investigates the influence of these jumps on the communication link and compares different LCPS control techniques, used to optimize the distribution of phase jumps over time, by a figure of merit (FoM) for the link. Losses caused by the LCPSs within the waveguide are not considered in this paper. Mitigation methods to minimize the effects of out-of-phase LCPSs could aim at reducing the magnitude (optimized, staggered jumps) and/or duration of losses (faster LCPSs through faster LC or stronger E-field). None of these methods can avoid the loss in gain entirely, only minimize the duration or magnitude of loss. Therefore, a parametric study on phase shift speed vs. mean loss for various phase jump strategies was performed. Despite the slow alignment of the LCs and the resulting loss of gain, usable links could be identified with the investigated mitigation methods.
机译：本文介绍了具有新型液晶相移器（LCPS）的相控天线阵列的仿真结果。这项工作研究了使用地球静止卫星在卫星间连接中的这种电子可操纵的天线技术的可用性。由于LCP的设计和天线的孔径，如果在转向过程期间无线电波的操纵相位数改变，则只能完成在所需转向范围的通信。这导致在光束转向期间的某些LCPS的360°（跳跃）的理想瞬时相变。对LCP的第一个原型的测试表明，目前采用的高频液晶（LC）需要44秒至150秒以完成这样的360级相跳，导致在一部分时间内的天线增益下降这些阶段跳跃。本研究调查了这些跳跃对通信链路的影响，并比较了不同的LCP控制技术，用于优化相位跳跃的分布随时间，通过链路的优点（FOM）。本文不考虑由波导内的LCPS引起的损失。减缓方法，以最小化阶段间LCPS的影响可能旨在减少幅度（优化，交错的跳跃）和/或损失持续时间（通过更快的LC或更强的E场更快的LCPS）。这些方法都不能避免完全增益的损失，只能最小化损耗的持续时间或大小。因此，执行了对相移速度与各种相位跳转策略的平均损耗的参数研究。尽管LCS的慢速对准以及产生的增益损失，但可以通过调查的缓解方法识别可用的链接。

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