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The TESS camera: modeling and measurements with deep depletion devices

机译:TESS相机:使用深度耗尽设备进行建模和测量

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The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, a NASA Explorer-class mission in development, will discover planets around nearby stars, most notably Earth-like planets with potential for follow up characterization. The all-sky survey requires a suite of four wide field-of-view cameras with sensitivity across a broad spectrum. Deep depletion CCDs with a silicon layer of 100 μm thickness serve as the camera detectors, providing enhanced performance in the red wavelengths for sensitivity to cooler stars. The performance of the camera is critical for the mission objectives, with both the optical system and the CCD detectors contributing to the realized image quality. Expectations for image quality are studied using a combination of optical ray tracing in Zemax and simulations in Matlab to account for the interaction of the incoming photons with the 100 μm silicon layer. The simulations include a probabilistic model to determine the depth of travel in the silicon before the photons are converted to photo-electrons, and a Monte Carlo approach to charge diffusion. The charge diffusion model varies with the remaining depth for the photo-electron to traverse and the strength of the intermediate electric field. The simulations are compared with laboratory measurements acquired by an engineering unit camera with the TESS optical design and deep depletion CCDs. In this paper we describe the performance simulations and the corresponding measurements taken with the engineering unit camera, and discuss where the models agree well in predicted trends and where there are differences compared to observations.
机译:正在运行的NASA探索者级任务“过渡系外行星调查卫星”将发现附近恒星周围的行星,最引人注目的是类似地球的行星,这些行星具有后续表征的潜力。全天候调查需要一套四台宽视野摄像机,并具有广泛的灵敏度。具有100μm厚度硅层的深耗尽CCD用作相机检测器,在红色波长下提供增强的性能,以对较冷的恒星敏感。相机的性能对于任务目标至关重要,光学系统和CCD检测器都有助于实现所实现的图像质量。通过结合使用Zemax中的光线追踪和Matlab中的模拟来研究图像质量的期望,以说明入射光子与100μm硅层之间的相互作用。该模拟包括一个概率模型,用于确定在将光子转换为光电子之前硅中的行进深度,以及用于电荷扩散的蒙特卡洛方法。电荷扩散模型随光电子穿越的剩余深度和中间电场的强度而变化。将模拟与通过带有TESS光学设计和深度耗尽CCD的工程单位相机获取的实验室测量值进行比较。在本文中,我们描述了使用工程单位相机进行的性能模拟和相应的测量,并讨论了模型在预测趋势中相吻合的地方以及与观测值相比存在差异的地方。

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