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Integrated and sustainable energy concepts for urban neighbourhoods - a generic approach based on Austrian experiences

机译：城市社区的综合可持续能源概念-基于奥地利经验的通用方法

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Larger Austrian cities are confronted with the necessity to develop new districts and to revitalise existing neighbourhoods. This process includes the development of new energy supply systems. Conventional in Vienna usually are gas grids for decentralised use on the one hand and district heating systems on the other hand. But both systems remain unsatisfactory: The simple gas supply is not in line with sustainability and green house gas (GHG) emission reduction goals, whereas district heating (with combined heat and power (CHP) as one major source) is confronted with serious economic problems due to changes at the electricity markets and municipal utilities thus refuse to enlarge their district heating systems. The paper describes the process for selecting alternative heat supply concept for a new urban settlement. The assessment of locally available renewable resources and infrastructures sets the basis for the identification of technically feasible options. After definition of specific heat supply ideas, concept design phase leads to dimensioning of elements of the heat supply concepts. Based on the technical description an environmental and economical assessment was carried out. The different technical and energy-economical energy concept options are assessed by means of a life-cycle cost analysis. This generic approach was applied in the concept phase of the development of a new neighbourhood area in the City of Vienna called Donaufeld. In this feasibility study several technical options for heat supply were developed together with ex- perts within the administration of the city and the municipal energy supplier. Main outcome of the project are life-cycle costs for every heat supply concept. Alternative concepts with heat pumps and geo-thermal probes as main elements have similar life cycle costs than district heating. These concepts have a high share of locally produced renewable energy and can meet local 2000 Watt targets. However, higher investment costs have to be covered at the very beginning which is crucial for existing funding conditions for buildings.
机译：奥地利较大的城市面临着发展新地区和振兴现有社区的必要性。该过程包括开发新的能源供应系统。维也纳传统上通常一方面是用于分散使用的燃气网，另一方面是区域供热系统。但是，两种系统都不能令人满意：简单的天然气供应与可持续性和温室气体（GHG）减排目标不符，而区域供热（以热电联产（CHP）为主要来源）却面临着严重的经济问题。由于电力市场的变化，市政公用事业因此拒绝扩大区域供热系统。本文介绍了为新的城市居住区选择替代供热概念的过程。对当地可获得的可再生资源和基础设施的评估为确定技术上可行的方案奠定了基础。在定义了特定的供热概念之后，概念设计阶段将确定供热概念的元素的尺寸。根据技术说明，进行了环境和经济评估。通过生命周期成本分析来评估不同的技术和能源经济能源概念选项。在维也纳市一个名为Donaufeld的新社区开发的概念阶段，采用了这种通用方法。在这项可行性研究中，开发了几种供热技术方案，以及城市行政管理部门和市政能源供应商内部的专家。该项目的主要成果是每个供热概念的生命周期成本。以热泵和地热探头为主要元素的替代概念与区域供暖的生命周期成本相近。这些概念在本地生产的可再生能源中占有很高的比例，可以满足本地2000瓦的目标。但是，从一开始就必须承担较高的投资成本，这对于建筑物的现有融资条件至关重要。

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