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The analysis of convergence — Divergence in the development of innovative and technological processes in the countries of the Arctic Council

机译：趋同分析—北极理事会国家创新和技术流程发展的趋同

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The article gives the estimation of the convergence-divergence indicators of development of innovative and technological processes in circumpolar countries. The processes of convergence - divergence of innovative and technological processes were studied in eight countries of the Arctic Council - Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, the United States of America on the basis of statistical information from 1985 to 2015. As the indicators, measuring innovative and technological processes, the following one were considered: the number of patents issued, the expenditures on technological innovations, the payments of funds for the import of technology, the cash inflow from the export of technology. To analyze the convergence-divergence of innovative and technological processes the methods of the σ - convergence, the absolute β convergence and the conditional β - convergence were used. Using the method of the conditional β - convergence, we analyzed the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and government expenditure on the fundamental research and development (average value of FDI for the period; the average value of government expenditure over the period).
机译：本文估计了绕极国家创新和技术过程发展的趋同-差异指标。根据1985年至2015年的统计信息，在北极理事会的八个国家（加拿大，丹麦，芬兰，冰岛，挪威，俄罗斯，瑞典，美利坚合众国）研究了融合过程-创新和技术过程的分歧。 。作为衡量创新和技术过程的指标，考虑了以下一项：专利数量，技术创新支出，技术进口资金支付，技术出口现金流入。为了分析创新和技术过程的收敛散度，使用了σ-收敛，绝对β收敛和条件β-收敛的方法。使用条件β-收敛方法，我们分析了外国直接投资（FDI）和政府支出对基础研究和开发的影响（该期间FDI的平均值;该期间政府支出的平均值）。

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