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Autonomous Robot Teams for Lunar Mining Base Construction and Operation

机译：自主机器人团队，用于月球采矿基地的建设和运营

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There is growing interest in expanding beyond space exploration and pursuing the dream of living and working in space. The next critical step towards living and working in space requires kick-starting a space economy. One important challenge with this space-economy is ensuring the ready supply and low-cost availability of raw materials. The escape delta-v of 11.2 km/s from Earth makes transportation of materials from Earth very costly. Transporting materials from the Moon takes 2.4 km/s and from Mars 5.0 km/s. Based on these factors, the Moon and Mars can become colonies to export material into this space economy. One critical question is what are the resources required to sustain a space economy? Water has been identified as a critical resource both to sustain human-life but also for use in propulsion, attitude-control, power, thermal storage and radiation protection systems. Water may be obtained off-world through In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) in the course of human or robotic space exploration. The Moon is also rich in iron, titanium and silicon. Based upon these important findings, we plan on developing an energy model to determine the feasibility of developing a mining base on the Moon. This mining base mines and principally exports water, titanium and steel. The moon has been selected, as there are significant reserves of water known to exists at the permanently shadowed crater regions and there are significant sources of titanium and iron throughout the Moon's surface. Our designs for a mining base utilize renewable energy sources namely photovoltaics and solar-thermal concentrators to provide power to construct the base, keep it operational and export water and other resources using a Mass Driver. However, the site where large quantities of water are present lack sunlight and hence the water needs to be transported using rail from the southern region to base located at mid latitude. Using the energy model developed, we will determine the energy per Earth-day to export 100 tons each of water, titanium and low-grade steel into Lunar escape velocity and to the Earth-Moon Lagrange points. Our study of water and metal mining on the Moon found the key to keeping the mining base efficient is to make it robotic. Teams of robots (consisting of 300 infrastructure robots) would be used to construct the entire base using locally available resources and fully operate the base. This would decrease energy needs by 15-folds. Furthermore, the base can be built 15-times faster using robotics and 3D printing. This shows that automation and robotics is the key to making such a base technologically feasible. The Moon is a lot closer to Earth than Mars and the prospect of having a greater impact on the space economy cannot be stressed. Our study intends to determine the cost-benefit analysis of lunar resource mining.
机译：人们对将兴趣扩展到太空探索之外并追求在太空中生活和工作的梦想的兴趣与日俱增。迈向太空生活和工作的下一个关键步骤要求启动太空经济。这种空间经济的一项重要挑战是确保原材料的现成供应和低成本供应。距离地球11.2 km / s的逃逸delta-v使得来自地球的材料运输非常昂贵。从月球上运输物料的速度为2.4 km / s，从火星上运输物料的速度为5.0 km / s。基于这些因素，月球和火星可以成为殖民地，向该空间经济出口物质。一个关键问题是维持太空经济所需的资源是什么？水被认为是维持人类生命的重要资源，也可用于推进，姿态控制，动力，蓄热和辐射防护系统。在人类或机器人进行太空探索的过程中，可以通过就地资源利用（ISRU）来获取水。月球还富含铁，钛和硅。基于这些重要发现，我们计划开发一种能源模型，以确定在月球上开发采矿基地的可行性。该采矿基地开采并主要出口水，钛和钢。之所以选择月球，是因为在永久阴影的火山口区域存在大量已知的水，并且整个月球表面都有大量的钛和铁。我们针对采矿基地的设计利用可再生能源（即光伏和太阳能集热器）来提供电力以建造基地，保持基地运转并使用Mass Driver来输出水和其他资源。但是，存在大量水的地点缺少阳光，因此需要使用铁路将水从南部地区运送到中纬度的基地。使用开发的能量模型，我们将确定每个地球日将每吨100吨水，钛和低等级钢出口到月球逃逸速度和地月亮拉格朗日点的能量。我们对月球上的水和金属开采的研究发现，保持采矿基地高效的关键在于使其成为机器人。机器人团队（由300个基础设施机器人组成）将用于使用本地可用资源来构建整个基地并充分运营基地。这将使能源需求减少15倍。此外，使用机器人技术和3D打印可以将基地建设速度提高15倍。这表明自动化和机器人技术是使这种基础在技术上可行的关键。月球比火星更靠近地球，因此不能强调对太空经济产生更大影响的前景。我们的研究旨在确定月球资源开采的成本效益分析。

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