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On the feasibility of beamforming in millimeter wave communication systems with multiple antenna arrays

机译：在具有多个天线阵列的毫米波通信系统中进行波束成形的可行性

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The use of the millimeter (mm) wave spectrum for next generation (5G) mobile communication has gained significant attention recently. The small carrier wavelengths at mmwave frequencies enable synthesis of compact antenna arrays, providing beamforming gains that compensate the increased propagation losses. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of employing multiple antenna arrays (at the transmitter and/or receiver) to obtain diversity/multiplexing gains, where each of the arrays is capable of beamforming independently. Considering a codebook based beamforming system (the set of possible beamforming directions is fixed a priori, e.g., to facilitate limited feedback), we observe that the complexity of jointly optimizing the beamforming directions across the multiple arrays is highly prohibitive, even for very reasonable system parameters. To overcome this bottleneck, we develop two complementary approaches, premised on the sparse multipath structure of the mmwave channel. Specifically, we reduce the complexity of the joint beamforming optimization problem by restricting attention to a small set of candidate directions, based on: (a) computation of a novel spatial effective power metric, and (b) estimation of the channel's angles of arrival. Our methods enable a drastic reduction of the optimization search space (a factor of 100 reduction), while delivering close to optimal performance, thereby indicating the potential feasibility of achieving diversity and multiplexing gains in mmwave systems.
机译：利用毫米（mm）波谱用于下一代（5g）移动通信最近在显着的关注。 MM波频率的小型载波波长使得能够合成紧凑的天线阵列，提供了补偿增加的传播损耗的波束成形增益。在这项工作中，我们研究了采用多个天线阵列（在发射器和/或接收器）以获得分集/多路复用增益的可行性，其中每个阵列能够独立地形成波束。考虑到基于码本的波束成形系统（可能的波束成形方向的集合是固定的，例如，以便于有限的反馈），我们观察到在多个阵列上共同优化波束形成方向的复杂性高度禁止，即使对于非常合理的系统，也是高度禁止的参数。为了克服这一瓶颈，我们开发了两种互补方法，以MMWAVE频道的稀疏多径结构为前提。具体地，我们通过限制对一小组候选方向来减少关节波束形成优化问题的复杂性，基于：（a）计算新的空间有效功率度量，（b）频道的到达角度的估计。我们的方法使得优化搜索空间的急剧减少（减少100系数），同时提供接近最佳性能，从而指示在MM波系统中实现多样性和多路复用增益的潜在可行性。

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