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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Environmental Systems >Technology Transfer Challenges: A Case Study of User-Centered Design in NASA’s Systems Engineering Culture
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Technology Transfer Challenges: A Case Study of User-Centered Design in NASA’s Systems Engineering Culture

机译：技术转让挑战 - 以美国宇航局的系统工程文化为例

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The Upper Stage (US) section of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Ares I rocket will require internal access platforms for maintenance tasks performed by humans inside the vehicle. Tasks will occur during expensive critical path operations at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) including vehicle stacking and launch preparation activities. Platforms must be translated through a small human access hatch, installed in an enclosed worksite environment, support the weight of ground operators and be removed before flight - and their design must minimize additional vehicle mass at attachment points. This paper describes the application of a user-centered conceptual design process and the unique challenges encountered within NASA's systems engineering culture focused on requirements and "heritage hardware." The NASA design team at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) initiated the user-centered design process by studying heritage internal access kits and proposing new design concepts during brainstorming sessions. Simultaneously, they partnered with the Technology Transfer/Innovative Partnerships Program to research inflatable structures and dynamic scaffolding solutions that could enable ground operator access. While this creative, technology-oriented exploration was encouraged by upper management, some design stakeholders consistently opposed ideas utilizing novel, untested equipment. Subsequent collaboration with an engineering consulting firm improved the technical credibility of several options, however, there was continued resistance from team members focused on meeting system requirements with pre-certified hardware. After a six-month, idea-generating phase, an intensive six-week effort produced viable design concepts that justified additional vehicle mass while optimizing the human factors of platform installation and use. Although these selected final concepts closely resemble heritage internal access platforms, challenges from the application of the user-centered process provided valuable lessons for improving future collaborative conceptual design efforts.
机译：国家航空航天局（美国国家航空航天局）的上阶段（美国）章节ares i火箭将需要内部接入平台，用于车内的人类执行的维护任务。在包括车辆堆叠的昂贵的航天中心（KSC）的昂贵关键路径运营期间将发生任务，包括车辆堆叠和推出准备活动。平台必须通过小型人体访问舱口转换，安装在封闭的工地环境中，支持地面运营商的重量，然后在飞行前拆除 - 它们的设计必须最大限度地减少附着点的额外车辆质量。本文介绍了以用户为中心的概念设计过程和NASA系统工程文化中遇到的独特挑战的应用，专注于要求和“遗产硬件”。 Marshall Space Flight Centre（MSFC）的美国宇航局设计团队通过研究遗产内部访问套件并在头脑风暴会议期间提出新的设计概念来启动用户为中心的设计过程。同时，他们与技术转让/创新伙伴关系计划合作，以研究可实现地面操作员访问的充气结构和动态脚手架解决方案。虽然这一创造力，以技术为导向的技术探索受到高层管理人员，但一些设计利益相关者始终如一地对抗新颖的未经测试设备的想法。随后与工程咨询公司的合作改善了几种选择的技术可信度，然而，团队成员的持续阻力，专注于满足预认证的硬件的系统要求。经过六个月的思考阶段，一个密集的六周工作，产生了可行的设计概念，在优化平台安装和使用的人为因素时，可以巩固额外的车辆。虽然这些选定的最终概念非常类似于遗产内部访问平台，但是从应用用户中心的应用程序的挑战为改善未来的协作概念设计努力提供了有价值的教训。

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