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首页> 外文会议>ISOPE Ocean Mining Symposium >SUBMERSIBLE OBSERVATIONS OF MARINE MANGANESE DEPOSITS ON SOME SEAMOUNTS IN THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: A REVIEW
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SUBMERSIBLE OBSERVATIONS OF MARINE MANGANESE DEPOSITS ON SOME SEAMOUNTS IN THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: A REVIEW

机译：西北地区一些海山海洋锰矿床潜水观察：综述

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During submersible dives small-scale variability of Mn deposits were described on seamounts in the NW Pacific with reference to microtopography and geological evolution. Co-rich hydrogenetic crusts and nodules occur as large talus deposits on Cretaceous guyots. These are probably supplied from older Mn crust deposits through mass movement. Tectonic deformation of the guyot may have caused land slides and sediment rework, which occasionally prevented development of crusts. Hydrogenetic crusts and nodules cover entirely the flank of early-Miocene submarine volcanoes. The crusts cover volcanic rocks, while nodules rest on calcareous sediments. Local faulting and mass movement may have affected development of the deposits, showing evidences of rollover of nodules and breakup of crusts. Fossil hydrothermal Mn precipitates serve as nodule nuclei and crust substrates, suggesting past low-temperature hydrothermal activity. Modern hydrothermal deposits were discovered on an active submarine volcano. Hydrothermal water is probably emanating through fractures in the substrate, and produces pure Mn precipitates near the sea floor. This may be a type of low-hydrothermal Mn mineralization in submarine volcanoes. The submersible observations give insights on growth environments of Mn deposits and 'geotechnical properties of bottom materials. Further observations and in-situ experiments are required to define physicochemical and biological environment and geotechnical properties. Submersible observation is highly recommended for exploration, mining technology and development, and environmental inpact assessment.
机译：在潜水潜水期间，在NW太平洋的Seamous中描述了MN沉积物的小规模可变性，参考微拷贝和地质演变。在白垩纪的人造盘上，有一种富含的氢外壳和结节发生在大型缩略图。这些可能从众多MN地壳沉积物通过批量运动提供。 Guyot的构造变形可能导致陆地幻灯片和沉积物返工，这偶尔会阻止外壳的发展。氢外壳和结节完全覆盖早期潜艇火山的侧面。外壳覆盖火山岩，而结节在钙质沉积物上休息。局部断层和群众运动可能会影响沉积物的发展，表明结节的翻转和结痂的分裂的证据。化石水热Mn沉淀物用作结节核和地壳底物，表明过去的低温水热活性。在活跃的潜水艇火山上发现了现代水热沉积物。水热水可能通过基质中的骨折发出，并在海底附近产生纯MN沉淀物。这可能是潜艇火山中的一种低水热的MN矿化。潜水观察介绍了Mn沉积物的生长环境和底部材料的岩土性能的见解。需要进一步的观察和原位实验来定义物理化学和生物环境和岩土性质。强烈建议潜水观察探索，采矿技术和发展，以及环境不协调评估。

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