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Inflammation, airway obstruction and COPD

机译：炎症，气道阻塞和COPD

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In horses,the term chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) usually denotes a syndrome of environmentally associated respiratory distress occurring in horses older than 6 years. In this disease, which is a particular problem of performance and pleasure horses, severe bouts of airway obstruction occur when susceptible animals are stabled and fed hay. Disease remission occurs when animals are returned to pasture. A similar condition is reported in grazing horses, particularly in the southeastern United States. There is evidence that COPD is a hypersensitivity response to antigens in hay, particularly the thermophilic molds and actinomycetes. However, hay contains other agents, e.g, endotoxin,that could potentially cause airway disease, and it is likely that COPD has a multifactorial etiology, The term COPD has also been applied to any noninfectious airway inflammation in which there are more than 5% neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.Using the latter definition, many young racehorses with an increased amount of mucopus in the airways would be said to have COPD . Although veterinarians and trainers associate mucopus with lung dysfunction, the precise functional abnormalities leading to poor performance are unknown.Because of its severity,heaves has been more extensively studied than the airway disease of young horses, but it is likely that some of the pathogenic mechanisms, especially the effect of inflammation on airway function, are similar in the two syndromes. This paper reviews the possible pathogenetic mechanisms that link inflammation to airway obstruction, particularly to bronchospasm.
机译：在马匹中，慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的术语通常表示在6岁以上的马匹中发生的环境相关呼吸窘迫综合症。在这种疾病中，这是表现和愉快的马匹的特殊问题，当易感动物稳定并喂食干草时，严重的气道阻塞发生了严重的气道阻塞。当动物恢复到牧场时，会发生疾病缓解。在掠夺马中报告了类似的条件，特别是在美国东南部。有证据表明COPD是对干草中抗原的过敏反应，特别是嗜热模具和放线菌。然而，干草含有其他药剂，例如内毒素，其可能导致气道疾病，并且可能是COPD具有多因素的病因，术语COPD也已应用于任何不排出的气道炎症，其中存在超过5％中性粒细胞在支气管肺泡灌洗液中。在后一种定义，许多年轻的赛马在气道中粘液量增加的年轻赛马都会被认为具有COPD。虽然兽医和培训师伴有肺功能障碍的粘液助剂，但表现不佳的精确功能异常是未知的。因为它的严重程度，比年轻马的气道疾病更广泛地研究了一定的致病机制，特别是炎症对气道功能的影响，在两种综合症中类似。本文综述了将炎症与气道阻塞的可能致病机制，特别是对支气管痉挛。

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