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A Hierarchical Framework of Permian Global Marine Biogeography

机译：二叠纪全球海洋生物地理学的分层框架

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A hierarchical framework comprising 3 realms, 8 regions and 31 biotic provinces is proposed for the Permian global marine biogeography. The three realms, namely Gondwanan (Anti-Boreal or Notal), Palaeo-Equatorial and Boreal, are considered to largely correspond to, the southern polar to subpolar, palaeo-tropical and northern polar to temperate climatic zones, respectively. Regions are recognized within realms mainly on the basis of significant palaeogeographical barriers, both oceanic and continental. The Palaeo-Equatorial Realm is thought to be composed of the Cathaysian (located in the Eastern Tethys), Mediterranean (located in the Western Tethys), North American Region, and the Cimmerian Regions (located in the Southern Tethys). The Cimmerian Region displayed a highly dynamic nature in terms of provincial affinities with the Gondwanan and Palaeo-Equatorial Realms during the Permian, in that it belonged to the Gondwanan Realm in the Asselian-Tastubian time, then went through a mid-Permian transitional stage and finally entered the Palaeo-Equatorial Realm in the Late Permian (Dzhulfian to Changhsingian). The Boreal Realm is divided into two regions, Euro-Canadian Region and Taimyr-Kolyma Region, roughly corresponding to the northern palaeo-subpolar or palaeo-temperate and high palaeo-polar zones, respectively. Similarly, two regions are recognized for the Gondwanan Realm: Australian and Afro-South American. Discussions are focused on realms and regions, with comments also made to some provinces wherever appropriate.
机译：为二叠纪全球海洋生物地理学提出了包括3个领域，8个地区和31个生物省份的分层框架。这三个领域，即Gondwanan（反博尔良或NOTAL），Palaeo-赤道和博尔埃尔被认为是在很大程度上对应于，分别对应于南部的骨髓，帕拉诺 - 热带和北极化气候区。地区主要是在境内在境内认可，主要是在大海和大陆的重要古地形障碍的基础上。古赤道领域被认为是由大教堂（位于东部的东部），地中海（位于西部的Thethys），北美地区和Cimmerian地区（位于南方的Thethys）中组成。 Cimmerian地区在普遍省的宫殿和古赤道领域的省级亲治方面表现出高度动态的性质，因为它属于巩固阁下的阁楼境界，然后经历了中二叠纪过渡阶段终于进入了已故的Peraeo-赤道领域（Dzhulfian到Changhsingian）。北方境界分别分为两个地区，欧洲加拿大地区和Taimyr-Kolyma地区，分别对应于北古卵泡或古古族和高古氏族极地区域。同样，两个地区被认可为Gondwanan领域：澳大利亚和非洲南美洲。讨论专注于领域和地区，在适当的地方，一些省份也提出了评论。

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