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LUPIN BREEDING IN AUSTRALIA

机译：澳大利亚的羽扇豆育种

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The lupin industry in Australia is based largely on Lupinus angustifolius, the narrow-leafed lupin. This species was developed as a new crop in Australia by J S Gladstones in the 1960s from semi-domesticated L. angustifolius introduced from Europe. The genes for low alkaloid content (iuc) and soft seeds (moll) were available in the Swedish forage variety Borre. Spontaneous mutants with white flowers and seeds (leuc) and non-shattering pods (le and to) were found in the bitter landrace New Zealand Blue. These were recombined with iuc and moll to release the first commercial sweet varieties Uniwhite (1967) and Uniharvest (1969). However, it was not until early flowering (spontaneous mutant Ku) was found in Borre and recombined to produce the variety Unicrop (1973) that the narrow-leafed lupin became a viable crop for the main cropping regions of southern Australia. Breeding since that time has focussed on developing disease resistance, and concurrently yield and quality. Resistance to grey leaf spot(Stemphylium vesicarium) in Marri (1976) and Illyarrie (1979) and resistance to Phomopsis stem blight (Diaporthe toxica) in Gungurru (1988) and Merrit (1991) were major breakthroughs in the development of the crop. The role of wild lupins in these genetic advances was paramount. Genetic advances in yield of narrow-leafed lupins from Unicrop (1973) to Merrit (1991) occurred at an average rate of approximately 2% per year. Breeding and testing of lupins in Australia is funded partly by industry funds through a nationally co-ordinated project. All new varieties must contain less than 0.02% alkaloids on average. In addition to L. angustifolius, L. albus cv. Kiev Mutant has been very successful on more fertile loamy soils. A low alkaloid and early floweringvariety of L. luteus, cv. Wodjil, was released in 1997 and is adapted to very acid sands in low rainfall areas. Breeders are also domesticating new lupin species such as L. atlanticus and L. pilosus for more alkaline and loamy soils. The greatest challenge facing breeders at present is the urgent need for anthracnose resistance.
机译：澳大利亚的羽扇豆产业主要基于卢比斯·安格斯蒂菲斯，狭窄的羽扇豆。该物种是由J S Gladstones在20世纪60年代的澳大利亚开发的新作物，从欧洲介绍的半驯化L. Angustifolius。低生物碱含量（IUC）和软种子（MOLL）的基因可在瑞典牧草品种博尔河中获得。在苦兰德新西兰蓝色中发现了具有白花和种子（Leuc）和非破碎豆荚（Le和To）的自发突变体。这些与IUC和MOLL重组，以释放第一个商业甜品种UNIWHITE（1967）和Uniharvest（1969）。然而，直到博尔（Borre）发现早期开花（自发突变体KU），并重组以产生多种Unicrop（1973），即南澳南部主要种植地区成为一种可行的作物。自那时以来育种源于发育抗病，并同时产量和质量。 Marri（1976）和Illyarrie（1979）和Illyarrie（1979年）和对PhoMopsis的抗性（1988）和Merrit（1991）的抗性抗牙叶（1979）和对PhoMopsis毒性症的抗性（Dioporhe毒蛇）是在作物的发展中的重大突破。野生羽扇蛋白在这些遗传进展中的作用至关重要。 Unicrop（1973）对Merrit（1991）的窄叶羽扇豆产量的遗传进展以每年约2％的平均速率发生。澳大利亚羽扇豆的育种和测试部分通过国家协调项目部分资助行业资金。所有新品种必须平均含有少于0.02％的生物碱。除了L.Angustifolius，L.Blus CV。基辅突变体在更肥沃的泥土土壤中非常成功。 L. LiTeus，CV的低生物碱和早期开花。 Wodjil于1997年发布，并适应低降雨区的酸性砂。育种者还在驯养新的羽扇豆种，如L. Atlanticus和L. Pilosus，用于更多碱性和壤土。目前面临的育种者面临的最大挑战是迫切需要炭疽病的抵抗力。

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