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首页> 外文会议>International Food Legumes Research Conference >Adaptation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to Australia
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Adaptation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to Australia

机译：鹰嘴豆（Cicer Arietinum L.）和Faba Bean（vicia faba l.）的适应到澳大利亚

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In the last 20 years chickpea and faba bean have become major pulse crops in Australia. They are grown during winter over a latitudinal range which extends from 10-40° S for chickpea, and 20-40° S for faba bean. In low latitudes these crops grow mainly on water stored in the soil from summer rainfall with supplementary irrigation in some areas, while in the higher latitudes, they are grown in Mediterranean type environments relying solely on winter rainfall. Farmers recognise the benefit of including these pulses in rotation with cereals and the interest in these crops is continuing to expand, notably faba bean in subtropical north-eastern areas and of both pulses in Western Australia. Breeding programs are continuing to develop cultivars adaptedto the wide range of latitudes and with disease resistance. Some germplasm introduced from overseas has required minimal selection before being released, while other genotypes have been poorly adapted and genetic changes are required. Faba bean produceshighest yields when sown as early as possible and when diseases are managed by genetic resistance or fungicide application. Chickpea is less affected by delayed sowing and some crops are sown in mid-winter to avoid radiation frosts during early spring. Studies have indicated significant differences between strains of rhizobia in terms of crop growth and the development of acid tolerant strains have been critical for the production of faba bean on low pH soils. A high proportion of both pulses is exported; chickpea to the Indian sub-continent and faba bean to the Middle-East. To meet the requirements of consumers, the effects of the environment on quality are being studied and efforts made to overcome deficiencies through breeding.
机译：在过去的20年里，鹰嘴豆和法瓦豆已经成为澳大利亚的主要脉搏作物。它们在冬季生长在延迟范围内，延迟范围从10-40°S用于鹰嘴豆，20-40°S用于Faba Bean。在低纬度地区，这些作物主要在夏季降雨中储存在土壤中的水中，在某些地区的补充灌溉，而在较高的纬度中，它们在地中海型环境中依靠冬季降雨来发展。农民认识到包括谷物旋转旋转的这些脉冲的益处，并且这些作物的兴趣继续扩大，特别是在亚澳大利亚亚热带的东北地区和两种脉冲中的Faba Bean。育种计划正在继续开发品种，适应各种纬度和抗病性。在海外引入的一些种质在释放之前已经需要最小的选择，而其他基因型则似乎不佳，因此需要遗传变化。 Maba Bean在尽早播种的情况下饲养产生率，并且当疾病通过遗传抵抗或杀菌剂施用来管理。鹰嘴豆受到延迟播种的影响较小，在冬季播种了一些作物，以避免在早春期间的辐射霜冻。研究表明，在作物生长方面，根瘤菌株之间的菌株差异显着差异，耐酸性菌株的发育对于在低pH土壤中生产Faba Bean至关重要。出口高比例的两种脉冲;鹰嘴豆到印度亚大陆和法瓦豆到中东。为满足消费者的要求，正在研究对质量的影响和努力通过育种来克服缺陷。

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