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Nitrogen Nutrition of Legume Crops and Interactions with Water

机译：豆科作物的氮营养和与水的相互作用

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摘要

Accumulation of nitrogen by legumes occurs by uptake of soil NO3", which dominates in young plants, and by fixation of N2. The total quantity of N accumulated is highly correlated with shoot mass showing that N concentration is conservative (about 22g/kg for a range of legumes). Rates of nitrate uptake and N2 fixation are influenced by the availability of soil water with N2 fixation more sensitive to mild water deficits than growth and nitrogen assimilation. The amount of N2 fixed by grain legumes varies widely and is a consequence of both soil nitrate supply and growth. Relations between these quantities, when combined with an estimate of crop offtake in grain, can be used to provide a simple N balance facilitating improved N management in crop rotations. The N dynamics of cereal/legume rotations are complex but the residual benefits of the fixed N2 have been widely demonstrated. Results from experiments in places such as Syria, France and Australia suggest that grain legumes should be consideredas crops able to produce N-rich grains and straw in the absence of N fertilizer without detrimental effects on soil N. Nevertheless, the sustainable production of high-yielding cereals is only possible when N fertilizer is applied in the cereal phase of the rotation.
机译：豆类的积累通过占土壤NO3的吸收，其占幼苗，并通过固定N2。积累的N累计的总量与显示N浓度是保守的枝条（约22g / kg）高度相关（约22g / kg豆科植物）。硝酸盐吸收和固氮的价格范围是由土壤水分的可用性用N 2固定到轻度缺水比生长和氮同化更为敏感的影响。N2的量固定由谷物豆类广泛变化，并且是的结果土壤硝酸盐供应和生长。这些数量之间的关系，当结合谷物中作物的估计时，可用于提供简单的N平衡，促进作物旋转中的改进的N管理。谷物/豆科圈的N动态复杂但固定N2的剩余益处已被广泛展示。叙利亚，法国和澳大利亚等地方的实验结果表明粮食豆类应该是b Èconsideredas当氮肥在旋转的谷物相位施加作物能产生N-富晶粒和稻草在没有氮肥而对土壤N.不利影响尽管如此，可持续生产高产谷物的是唯一可能的。

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