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Impact of biotechnological interventions on productivity and product quality

机译：生物技术干预对生产力和产品质量的影响

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Biotechnology is a term used for a variety of different approaches to modern crop improvement programs, ranging from apparently simple (but nevertheless successful techniques) like (a) micropropagation for mass production of healthy seed- and plantingmaterial, (b) embryo-rescue protocols for saving the products of wide crosses between related species or genotypes from the same gene pool that are difficult to hybridize, to the somewhat more sophisticated techniques like gene isolation and transfer. The basic principle of genetic engineering is the transfer of distinct genes directly targeted to add, delete or modify specific characters in a plant. The rationale is that a specific gene, which is engineered under the control of a useful promoter, is introduced into and expressed in the plant genome and acts as a plant gene. These genes theoretically can be of any origin (plant, bacterial, fungal or even human). The advantage of gene transfer is that only a defined genetic entity or entities are transferred, with the consequence that the host genome is only marginally modified, in contrast to other approaches like, for instance, wide crosses or somatic hybridizations, where in principle, two different genomes can interact
机译：生物技术是用于现代作物改善计划的各种不同方法的术语，从显然简单（但不允许的成功技术），如（a）批量生产，（b）胚胎救援方案的批量生产的微扫描从相同的基因池之间省有相关物种或基因型之间的宽十字的产物，这些基因池难以杂交，稍微更复杂的基因分离和转移。基因工程的基本原则是直接靶向添加，删除或修改植物中特定角色的不同基因的转移。基本原理是在植物基因组中引入并表达在有用的启动子的控制下设计的特定基因并用作植物基因。理论上这些基因可以是任何原产地（植物，细菌，真菌甚至人）。基因转移的优点是，仅具有定义的遗传实体或实体转移，其结果是在宿主基因组中仅略微改性，相对于其他方法，如，例如，宽杂交或体细胞杂交，其中原则上，二不同的基因组可以相互作用

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