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Ionic Strength Effects on the Flocculation Behavior of Kaolinite

机译：对高岭石絮凝行为的离子力量影响

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When colloidal particles such as clay are in suspension with electrolytic solutions, physico-chemical forces dominate the particle interactions and sedimentation behavior. Discrete particle groups, or flocs, are formed when a balance is reached among attractive interparticle forces, repulsive interparticle forces, and hydrodynamic forces. Forces tending to aggregate the particles include short-range van der Waals attraction and edge-to-face electrical double-layer interaction. Forces tending to disperse the particles include face-to-face double-layer interaction and sedimentation induced fluid shear. Double-layer interaction forces, whether attractive or repulsive, are a direct function of double-layer thickness. Based on classical Gouy-Chapman theory (e.g., Van Olphen, 1991), the double-layer thickness is controlled by the ionic strength I of the pore fluid. Ionic strength is a function of the total molar concentration mi and valence z{sub}i of all ionic species in the solution and is defined as I = Σ0.5(m{sub}i (z{sub}){sup}i) (Langmuir, 1997, p.123). Because the ionic strength of the pore fluid in a soil-water system affects the formation and stability of soil fabric, it has a direct impact on soil behavior. Through examination of particle-scale effects due to changes in ionic strength, we are afforded a better understanding of the consequent effects on macroscale hydrological and mechanical soil properties including permeability, strength, and deformation.
机译：当诸如粘土的胶体颗粒具有电解溶液的悬浮液时，物理化学力占据颗粒相互作用和沉降行为。当在有吸引力的颗粒力，排斥的颗粒力和流动力力中达到平衡时，形成离散颗粒组或絮状物。倾向于聚集颗粒的力包括短程范德华吸引力和边缘面对面的双层相互作用。倾向于分散颗粒的力包括面对面双层相互作用和沉降诱导的流体剪切。双层相互作用力，无论有吸引力还是排斥，都是双层厚度的直接函数。基于古典诡计 - 查普曼理论（例如，Van Olphen，1991），双层厚度由孔隙流体的离子强度I控制。离子强度是溶液中所有离子物质的总摩尔浓度mi和价z {sub} I的函数，并且被定义为i =σ0.5（m {sub} i（z {sub}）{sup} i ）（Langmuir，1997，第123页）。由于土壤 - 水系统中孔隙液的离子强度影响了土壤织物的形成和稳定性，因此它对土壤行为产生了直接影响。通过检查因子强度变化引起的粒子级效应，我们得到了更好地了解宏观水文和机械土壤性能的影响，包括渗透性，强度和变形。

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