Analysing Activity for New, Complex Systems with Cognitive Work Analysis

机译：认知工作分析新，复杂系统的活动分析

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Standard techniques for work analysis cannot readily be applied to brand new systems. Thus, in this paper we present an alternative framework for work analysis called Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA). We show how we have used CWA to analyse the work processes or activity of a new military system called Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C). In addition, we demonstrate how we have used these analytic products for making design decisions throughout the AEW&C development lifecycle, for example, for making decisions about team designs or interface designs that will best facilitate system performance and safety.

机译：工作分析的标准技术不能容易地应用于全新系统。因此，在本文中，我们向工作分析提供了一种称为认知工作分析（CWA）的替代框架。我们展示了我们如何使用CWA分析新军事系统的工作流程或活动，称为机载预警和控制（AEV＆C）。此外，我们还展示了我们如何使用这些分析产品来制定整个AEW和C开发生命周期的设计决策，例如，为能够最佳方便系统性能和安全性的团队设计或界面设计做出决定。

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《Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia》|2001年||共6页
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Neelam Naikar; Brett Pearce;
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中图分类 TB18-53;
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work analysis; system development; design;

机译：工作分析;系统开发;设计;

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1. Analysing activity in complex systems with cognitive work analysis: concepts, guidelines and case study for control task analysis [J] . N. NAIKAR, A. MOYLAN, B. PEARCE Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science . 2006,第4期

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2. How a submarine returns to periscope depth: Analysing complex socio-technical systems using Cognitive Work Analysis [J] . Neville A. Stanton, Kevin Bessell Applied Ergonomics . 2014,第1期

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3. Analysis of complex team-based systems: augmentations to goal-directed task analysis and cognitive work analysis [J] . Curtis M. Humphrey, Julie A. Adams Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science . 2011,第2期

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4. Analysing Activity for New, Complex Systems with Cognitive Work Analysis [C] . Neelam Naikar, Brett Pearce 37th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia Inc., Nov 27-30, 2001, Sydney, NSW . 2001

机译：通过认知工作分析来分析新的复杂系统的活动
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6. Decision Support System Requirements Definition for Human Extravehicular Activity Based on Cognitive Work Analysis [O] . Matthew James Miller, Kerry M. McGuire, Karen M. Feigh -1

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7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”
8. Precursor Systems Analyses of Automated Highway Systems. Activity Area P.Preliminary Cost/Benefit Factors Analysis. Volume 1. Cost/Benefit Analysis of Automated Highway Systems [R] . Hall, R. W. 1995

机译：自动公路系统的前兆系统分析。活动区p.prelimary成本/效益因素分析。第1卷。自动公路系统的成本/效益分析

Analysing Activity for New, Complex Systems with Cognitive Work Analysis

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