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The Role of Amino Acids in Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Exercise

机译：氨基酸在骨骼肌适应运动中的作用

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The synthesis of new protein is necessary for both strength and endurance adaptations. While the proteins that are made might differ, myofibrillar proteins following resistance exercise and mitochondrial proteins and metabolic enzymes following endurance exercise, the basic premise of shifting to a positive protein balance after training is thought to be the same. What is less clear is the contribution of nutrition to the adaptive process. Following resistance exercise, proteins rich in the amino acid leucine increase the activation of mTOR, the rate of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and the rate of muscle mass and strength gains. However, an effect of protein consumption during acute post-exercise recovery on mitochondrial protein synthesis has yet to be demonstrated. Protein ingestion following endurance exercise does facilitate an increase in skeletal MPS, supporting muscle repair, growth and remodeling. However, whether this results in improved performance has yet to be demonstrated. The current literature suggests that a strength athlete will experience an increased sensitivity to protein feeding for at least 24 h after exercise, but immediate consumption of 0.25 g/kg bodyweight of rapidly absorbed protein will enhance MPS rates and drive the skeletal muscle hypertrophic response. At rest,-0.25 g/kg bodyweight of dietary protein should be consumed every 4-5 h and another 0.25-0.5 g/kg bodyweight prior to sleep to facilitate the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response. In this way, consuming dietary protein can complement intense exercise training and facilitate the skeletal muscle adaptive response.
机译：对强度和耐力适应来说，新蛋白质的合成是必要的。虽然所产生的蛋白质可能不同，但在耐久性运动之后抵抗运动和线粒体蛋白质和代谢酶后的肌原纤维蛋白，培训后换热蛋白质平衡的基本前提是相同的。什么不太明确是营养对自适应过程的贡献。抗性运动后，富含氨基酸亮氨酸的蛋白质增加了MTOR的活化，肌肉蛋白质合成（MPS）的速率，以及肌肉质量和强度收益的速率。然而，术后蛋白质消耗在线粒体蛋白质合成术后蛋白质消耗的影响尚未得到证明。耐久性运动后蛋白质摄入确实有助于增加骨骼MPS，支持肌肉修复，生长和重塑。但是，这是否导致改进的性能尚未得到证明。目前的文献表明，在运动后，强度运动员将对蛋白质饲喂的敏感性增加，但是在运动后至少24小时对蛋白质饲养的敏感性增加，但是即时消耗0.25g / kg的快速吸收蛋白质的体重将增强MPS速率并驱使骨骼肌肥厚反应。静止，每4-5小时饮食蛋白的-0.25克/千克体重，在睡眠前，另外0.25-0.5g / kg体重，以促进餐后肌肉蛋白质合成反应。通过这种方式，消耗膳食蛋白可以补充强烈的运动训练，并促进骨骼肌自适应反应。

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