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Retrospective dosimetry for external exposures

机译：用于外部暴露的回顾性剂量

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Two methods of retrospective dosimetry for external exposures are reviewed. First, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR or electron spin resonance, ESR) with teeth has its strengths in the determination of individual exposures, acute or protracted, that may have occurred several decades ago. The method is best studied for photon fields. The current detection limit is 100 mGy. Due to a higher sensitivity to photons with energies in the range of 30-100 keV, information of this spectral component is necessary to achieve a high accuracy. Second, luminescence methods including thermoluminescence (TL) and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) have their strengths in determining absorbed dose in bricks or porcelain. A detection limit in the order of several tens of mGy is achieved if the mineral fraction of the brick is well suited for luminescence measurements. By measuring depth profiles of absorbed dose in a brick or height profiles over a wall, information on effective source geometry and photon energy may be obtained. Future perspectives of the methods include: (ⅰ) conversion of dose quantities measured as absorbed dose in enamel or bricks to absorbed dose in air and human organ doses; (ⅱ) EPR measurements with milk teeth; (ⅲ) in situ EPR measurements of teeth in the human mouth; and (ⅳ) exploration of new materials for the luminescence method, especially those which are worn by people allowing to come closer to an individual dosimetry.
机译：综述了两种回顾性的外部曝光剂量。首先，具有牙齿的电子顺磁共振（EPR或电子旋转共振，ESR）在几十年前可能发生的各个曝光，急性或延长的测定中具有其优点。该方法最好研究光子字段。电流检测限度为100 MGO。由于对30-100keV的电力的光子的灵敏度较高，因此需要高精度的该光谱分量的信息。其次，包括热致发光（T1）和光学刺激发光（OSL）的发光方法具有它们在确定砖或瓷器中的吸收剂量的强度。如果砖的矿物部分非常适合发光测量，则实现了数十岁的数十岁的检测限。通过在墙壁上测量砖或高度轮廓中的吸收剂量的深度轮廓，可以获得有关有效源几何和光子能量的信息。该方法的未来观点包括：（Ⅰ）将剂量转化为釉质或砖中的吸收剂量以吸收空气和人体器官剂量的剂量; （Ⅱ）牛奶液体测量; （Ⅲ）原位EPR在人口中的牙齿测量;和（ⅳ）探索新材料的发光方法，尤其是人们佩戴的新材料，允许更接近单个剂量测定法。

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