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Effect of orientation on human posture in neutral buoyancy and parabolic flight

机译：取向对中性浮力和抛物线飞行中人体姿势的影响

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Neutral buoyancy (NB) and parabolic flight (PF) are the only presently available human-scale three-dimensional spaceflight simulation environments, and as such, both NB and PF are used extensively to simulate spaceflight conditions for both research and mission operations purposes. However, there is little or no quantitative (or even qualitative) material in the literature to characterize the fidelity of either environment to its analog. The present study was undertaken as part of a larger research effort to begin to build such characterizations. Eight healthy adults (4 men and 4 women) were asked to adopt relaxed postures while "standing" in space shuttle middeck standard-type foot restraints, in NB and during the 0g periods of PF. Subjects were tested in NB in 9 orientations, 3 trials each: Upright; tilted 45° Front, 45° Back, 45° Right, 45° Left; tilted 90° Front, 90° Back, 90° Right, and 90° Left. PF limitations on test time and physical volume prohibited 90° testing; consequently the PF test protocol included only the Upright and 45° orientations. All NB testing was performed at the bottom of a 25' deep NB facility, using SCUBA-certified, experienced test personnel. All PF testing was performed during four flights on the NASA KC-135. Subjects were fully informed of the test protocol prior to and during testing. Reaction loads were recorded for each foot independently and normalized to subjects' masses; hip, knee, and ankle angles were measured from photographs. Trunk and shank angles (defined respectively by hip-shoulder ray and ankle-knee ray angles to the foot restraint plane) were also recorded. ANOVA (analysis of variance) calculations were performed for individual and group comparisons. All subjects completed all trials for NB; however, some trials were lost during PF, due to subject motion sickness. Nonetheless, statistically significant differences (p<.05) between orientations for each environment (e.g., PF 45F versus 45B) were present, in agreement with previous orientation results. Differences were also found between environments (NB versus PF), indicating that results from one are not necessarily applicable to the other.
机译：中性浮力（NB）和抛物线飞行（PF）是目前唯一可用的以人为尺度的三维航天仿真环境，正因为如此，NB和PF它们都被广泛用于为研究和任务操作的目的模拟太空飞行的条件。然而，很少有或没有定量的（或甚至定性）材料在文献中任一环境的保真度表征其类似物。本研究的目的是作为一个更大的研究工作，开始建立这样的表征的一部分。八个健康的成年人（4名男4名女）被要求采取放松的姿势在航天飞机middeck标准型脚踏限制，而“站立”，在NB和期间PF的0g周期。受试者在NB在9个方向，每3次试验中进行测试：直;倾斜45°前，45°后退，45°右，45°左;倾斜90°前，90°后，90°右，和90°左。上的测试时间和物理卷PF限制禁止的90°测试;因此，该PF测试协议只包括直立和45°取向。所有NB测试是在一个25' 深NB设施的底部进行，使用潜水认证的，有经验的测试人员。在四次飞行的NASA KC-135进行所有的测试PF。受试者被充分测试协议之前和测试期间告知。反应负荷记录每一只脚独立和标准化拍摄对象的群众;髋，膝和踝的角度是从照片上测定。躯干和柄部的角度（分别由髋肩射线和踝膝射线角定义为脚约束平面）也被记录。对于个人和组间比较进行计算ANOVA（方差分析）。所有受试者完成了NB所有试验;然而，有些试验PF期间丢失，由于受试者晕车。然而，为每个环境取向之间统计学显著差异（p <0.05）（例如，PF 45F与45B）存在，与以往的取向的结果一致。差异也环境（NB与PF）之间发现，这表明从一个结果不一定适用于其它。

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