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Actual knowledge of Martian environment and associated thermal control and life support solutions for the future

机译：Martian环境的实际知识以及未来的相关热控制和生命支持解决方案

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The Martian environment is known actually through the measurements made by the few vehicles having landed on the Mars surface -Viking 1 and 2 and Pathfinder mainly - and from observations of spacecraft orbiting from Mars Orbit. Direct observations from the Earth ground are also available. Recent Mars Global Surveyor data have increased the knowledge but many points remain unknown. The recent loss of Mars Polar Lander has increased the scientific people eagerness about planet data and ground configuration. The paper presents the present status of knowledge about the atmospheric parameters of the Martian environment including dust assumptions. It will describe the various solutions and databases for modeling the atmosphere and the uncertainties on the parameters. It will make the point on the thermal control associated problems and solutions for atmospheric transfer and landed vehicles. For this, it will focus on the environmental challenges linked to this particular environment: difficulties in the thermal control because of very low temperatures, special arrangements for the solar panels (solar cells), special processes in all the mechanisms because of dust clogging, particular design linked to storms on Mars, etc. The present level of knowledge of this environment and steps to be performed to allow man on Mars in the future will be presented as well as technology gaps for a Martian ECLSS. At last, mass linked limitations will be described.
机译：实际上是通过由少数车辆在火星表面落在1和2和探测器的车辆中的测量来熟知的，主要是 - 以及从火星轨道的航天器轨道观察。还提供了地面的直接观察。最近的火星全球测量师数据增加了知识，但很多点仍然未知。最近亏损的火星极地兰德较令人渴望渴望行星数据和地面配置的科学人民。本文介绍了关于Martian环境的大气参数的现状，包括灰尘假设。它将描述用于对大气建模的各种解决方案和数据库以及参数上的不确定性。它将在热控制相关问题和大气转移和降落车辆解决方案上。为此，它将重点关注与该特定环境相关的环境挑战：由于温度非常低，太阳能电池（太阳能电池）的特殊布置，因此，由于灰尘堵塞，​​所有机制中的特殊装置，难以实现困难设计与火星上的风暴相关等。将展示目前对这种环境的知识和允许未来MAR在火星上的人员的知识水平以及Martian ECLS的技术差距。最后，将描述质量链接的限制。

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