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Mechanical performance of biomimetic hydrogels

机译：仿生水凝胶的力学性能

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Hydrogels are water-swellable crosslinked polymer networks that can absorb greater than 20% of their volume in water. They have permanent three-dimensional structures that can be formed by either covalent or physical crosslinks. This paper discusses hydrogels that utilize both types of crosslinks. The materials used to make hydrogels can be synthetic polymers, biological polymers such as proteins or polysaccharides, or semi-synthetic materials such as synthetically modified biological polymers. There are several current uses for hydrogels in medicine, with the most well known in the manufacturing of soft contact lenses. They can also be used in drug delivery devices, catheter coatings, and tissue engineering matrices. As an example, catheters are coated with hydrogels to provide lubrication during a balloon angioplasty procedure. Protein polymers provide many advantages over synthetic polymers. The ability to design the polymer's amino acid sequence offers precise control of its properties and the potential to mimic natural protein structure and function. They also have the potential for high biocom-patibility because they mimic naturally occurring proteins. The most attractive of these advantages is the ability to have precise control over the properties of the polymer. Many different types of functionalities can be designed into the polymer such as hard segments, soft segments, crosslinkable units, chemically reactive sites, biodegradation sites, enzyme/protein sites, adhesive sites, cell binding sites, or optically transparent units. The design sequence can then be genetically engineered into a microorganism and cultured to produce precision polymers. The most important of these to this research is the crosslinkable unit, where the reactivity of the lysine side chain is exploited during the chemical crosslinking reaction. Many structural properties of proteins can be traced back to their primary amino acid sequence. The two most common structures in the current literature are derived from the repeat sequences of natural silk and elastin. Silk's consensus repeat sequence, glycine-alanine-gly-cine-alanine-glycine-serine (GAGAGS), has high strength and stability attributed to the formation of hydrogen-bonded β-sheets. Valine-proline-glycine-valine-glycine (VPGVG), the consensus repeat sequence of natural elastin, is the base sequence for some of the synthetic proteins used in this research. This sequence is known for its elastomeric properties and high recovery and is thought to have a helical secondary structure formed from repeated β-turns.
机译：水凝胶是可水溶性交联聚合物网络，其可以吸收大于其水中体积的20％。它们具有永久性三维结构，其可以通过共价或物理交联形成。本文讨论了利用两种类型交联的水凝胶。用于制造水凝胶的材料可以是合成聚合物，生物聚合物，例如蛋白质或多糖，或半合成材料，如合成改性的生物聚合物。药物中的水凝胶有几种目前的用途，最熟知的软隐形眼镜。它们还可用于药物输送装置，导管涂层和组织工程基质中。作为一个例子，导管涂有水凝胶，以在球囊血管成形术过程中提供润滑。蛋白质聚合物提供了合成聚合物的许多优点。设计聚合物的氨基酸序列的能力提供了精确控制其性质和模拟天然蛋白质结构和功能的潜力。它们还具有高生物定义的潜力，因为它们模仿天然存在的蛋白质。最具吸引力的这些优点是能够精确控制聚合物的性质。许多不同类型的功能可以设计成聚合物，例如硬链段，软链段，可交联单元，化学反应位点，生物降解位点，酶/蛋白质位点，粘合剂位点，细胞结合位点或光学透明单元。然后，设计序列可以遗传地改造成微生物并培养以产生精密聚合物。这些研究中最重要的是可交联单元，其中在化学交联反应期间利用赖氨酸侧链的反应性。蛋白质的许多结构性能可以追溯到其主要氨基酸序列。目前文献中最常见的两个结构源自天然丝和弹性蛋白的重复序列。丝绸共有重复序列，甘氨酸 - 丙氨酸 - 甘油 - 丙氨酸 - 甘氨酸 - 丝氨酸（Gagags）具有高强度和稳定性，归因于形成氢键β-片材。缬氨酸 - 甘氨酸 - 甘氨酸 - 甘氨酸 - 甘氨酸（VPGVG），天然弹性蛋白的共分重复序列是本研究中使用的一些合成蛋白的碱基序列。该序列以其弹性体性质和高回收是已知​​的，并且被认为具有由重复β匝形成的螺旋二级结构。

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