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首页> 外文会议>Italian Conference on Chemical and Process Engineering >Freeze Separation of Inorganic Salts from Aqueous Solutions by Forming Spherically Shaped Ice
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Freeze Separation of Inorganic Salts from Aqueous Solutions by Forming Spherically Shaped Ice

机译：通过形成球形冰块冻结水溶液中无机盐的分离

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A characteristic of single crystals of ice is that, during their formation, everything except water molecules and certain ions is excluded (Halde, 1979). In principle, this characteristic makes it possible to achieve a thorough freeze separation by which the solute is removed from the aqueous solution. In this research, after forming spherically shaped ice from an aqueous solution containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate as an inorganic salt, and then observing the temperature and the concentration of phosphate in the ice, we examined the relation between the freezing rate of the ice and the concentration ratio. First, the solution containing phosphate ions was poured into a hollow spherical vessel, and the solution was gradually cooled through the vessel wall to make spherically shaped ice. After being removed from the vessel, the ice was sliced vertically, from the outside to the centre, and the slices were melted. The concentration of ions in the liquid solution of each slice was then measured. From the concentrations measured, a distribution curve of the concentrations in the spherically shaped ice was drawn. The freezing rate of the ice was calculated from the temperature change and the amount of solution. Second, the effects of seed ice on the phosphate concentration were examined. From the experimental results of spherically shaped ice, it was found that phosphate ions were not uniformly included; concentrations were lower near the surface and higher around the centre. The peak value at the centre increased as the ice growth rate decreased. The concentration ratio peaked at about 2.2 at the ice formation temperature (T_C) of — 3.0°C. Furthermore, when T_C = — 1.0°C and seed ice was used, it was found that the concentration ratio of phosphate ions near the centre of the ice sphere could be remarkably higher.
机译：单个冰晶的特征是，在形成期间，除了水分子和某些离子之外的一切（Halde，1979）。原则上，这种特性使得可以实现彻底的冷冻分离，通过该特性可以从水溶液中除去溶质。在本研究中，在从含有磷酸二氢盐的水溶液形成球形冰之后，然后观察冰中的磷酸盐的温度和浓度，我们检查了冰的冷冻率与浓度之间的关系比率。首先，将含磷酸盐离子的溶液倒入中空球形容器中，溶液逐渐通过血管壁冷却以形成球形冰。在从容器中取出后，冰垂直切割，从外部切成中心，切片熔化。然后测量每个切片的液体溶液中离子的浓度。从测量的浓度，拉伸球形冰中浓度的分布曲线。从温度变化和溶液量计算冰的冷冻速率。其次，研究了种子冰对磷酸盐浓度的影响。从球形冰的实验结果中，发现磷酸根离子不均匀;浓度在表面附近较低，中心较高。随着冰增长速率下降，中心的峰值增加。在-3.0℃的冰形成温度（T_C）下在约2.2的浓度比在3.0℃下达到浓度。此外，当使用T_C = - 1.0℃和种子冰时，发现冰球中心附近的磷酸根离子的浓度比可以显着更高。

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