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首页> 外文会议>Biennial Conference of the Australasian Pig Science Association >A REVIEW - THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN FOOD PRODUCTION ANIMALS - DOES THIS CAUSE PROBLEMS IN HUMAN HEALTH?
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A REVIEW - THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN FOOD PRODUCTION ANIMALS - DOES THIS CAUSE PROBLEMS IN HUMAN HEALTH?

机译：综述 - 在食品生产动物中使用抗生素 - 这是否导致人类健康问题？

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One of the frequent consequences of antibiotic use is the development and spread of resistant bacteria in people and animals. If animals carry resistant bacteria, then food produced from these animals will often be colonised with these bacteria. Afteringesting these foods, people can then carry these resistant bacteria and in some cases develop infections from them. Some of this resistance can be to antibiotics that are 'last-line' agents needed to treat life-threatening infections in people. The development and spread of these multi-resistant bacteria can follow the use of 'last-line' (or similar) antibiotics in food production animals. Examples include ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp. and E. coli, vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococcus (VRE) and third generation cephalosporin-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. In Denmark, pig and poultry producers voluntarily ceased the routine use of in-feed antibiotic for growth promotion and prophlaxis purposes in1998. Poultry production was unaffected other than a one percent increase in feed intake (there were no effects on weight gain or mortality). In finisher pigs there were also no important detrimental effects. In weaners there was a 0.5% increase in mortality and a small decrease in daily weight gain. However there were no detrimental effects on overall pork production or exports which both continued to rise. If three basic principles of antibiotic use were adopted in the agriculture sector, most of thedriving factors for unnecessary antibiotic resistance would be substantially reduced or eliminated. This can be done without compromising the therapy of sick animals or the economic production of food animals. These principles are: Antibiotics that are'critical' or 'last-line' for serious human infections should not be used in food production animals or agriculture. The use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes in animals should be kept to a minimum. The use of methods (other than antibiotics) to prevent infections should be expanded and developed. Antibiotics should not be used as growth promoters.
机译：抗生素使用的频繁后果之一是人和动物的抗性细菌的开发和传播。如果动物带有抗性细菌，那么从这些动物生产的食物通常会与这些细菌一起殖民。在最终培养这些食物后，人们可以携带这些抗性细菌，在某些情况下会影响它们的感染。一些这种抵抗力可以是抗生素，这些抗生素是对人们治疗威胁危及生命的感染所需的“最后一线”的药剂。这些多种抗菌细菌的发展和传播可以遵循在食品生产动物中使用“最后一线”（或类似）抗生素。实例包括沙门氏菌SPP，弯曲杆菌SPP的环丙沙星抗性菌株。和大肠杆菌，肠球菌（VRE）抗性抗性菌株和革兰氏阴性细菌中的第三代头孢菌菌株。在丹麦，猪和家禽生产商自愿停止常规使用喂养抗生素以进行生长促进和预防促进的目的在1998中。家禽生产不受饲料摄入量增加的影响（对体重增加或死亡率没有影响）。在Finisher猪中也没有重要的不利影响。在断奶中，死亡率增加0.5％，每日体重增加的少量减少。然而，对整体猪肉生产或出口没有不利影响，这两者都持续上升。如果农业部门采用了三种抗生素使用基本原则，则大部分抗生素抗性因素将大大减少或消除。这可以在不影响生病动物的治疗或食物动物的经济生产的情况下进行。这些原则是：在食品生产动物或农业中不应用于严重的人类感染的“或”最后一线“的抗生素。使用抗生素在动物中用于预防性目的应保持最低。使用方法（抗生素除外）应扩大和发展。抗生素不应用作生长启动子。

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