Ionospheric correction algorithms have been characterized extensively for the mid-latitude region of the ionosphere where benign conditions usually exist. The United States Federal Aviation Administration s (FAA) Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) for civil aircraft navigation is focused primarily on the Conterminous United States (CONUS). Other Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) include the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and the Japanese Global Navigation Satellite System (MSAS). Other parts of the world, such as the South American region or India, provide a more serious challenge to addressing the impact of the ionosphere on navigation using SBAS. At equatorial latitudes, geophysical conditions produce the so-called Appleton-
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